Abstract Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites with mutagenic, carcinogenic, teratogenic and immunosuppressive capacity in humans, the occurrence of which in maize grain is widespread. Nixtamalization, a process based on alkaline cooking, including infrared radiation, may be a suitable method for detoxification of this toxin. In this work, we carried out a cytotoxic and genotoxic evaluation of the extracts from maize (ME), tortilla from an infrared nixtamalization process (TEIR) and tortilla from a traditional nixtamalization process (TET) using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde production), oxidative damage (glutathione modulation), Ames test (mutagenic response), and Comet assay (DNA damage). The formation capacity of the AFB1-Lysine (AFB1-Lys) adduct using maize and tortilla extracts was also tested. The infrared nixtamalization process showed a reduction of up to 93% of aflatoxins in tortillas, with a decrease in cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in all the tests performed. However, with TEIR and TET, AFB1-Lys adduct was not formed. We concluded that the process of nixtamalization with infrared radiation can be used for the detoxification of aflatoxins in tortillas.

中文翻译：

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使用红外辐射热碱工艺对玉米饼中的黄曲霉毒素进行解毒：细胞毒性和基因毒性评估

摘要 黄曲霉毒素是一种在人体内具有致突变、致癌、致畸和免疫抑制能力的次级代谢产物，在玉米籽粒中广泛存在。Nixtamalization 是一种基于碱性烹饪（包括红外线辐射）的过程，可能是解毒这种毒素的合适方法。在这项工作中，我们使用 3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑) 对玉米 (ME)、红外碱法 (TEIR) 和传统碱法 (TET) 的玉米饼的提取物进行了细胞毒性和基因毒性评估。 -2-yl)-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑鎓试验、脂质过氧化（丙二醛产生）、氧化损伤（谷胱甘肽调节）、Ames 试验（诱变反应）和彗星试验（DNA 损伤）。还测试了使用玉米和玉米粉圆饼提取物的 AFB1-赖氨酸 (AFB1-Lys) 加合物的形成能力。红外碱法工艺显示玉米饼中的黄曲霉毒素减少了高达 93%，在进行的所有测试中，细胞毒性和基因毒性都降低了。然而，使用 TEIR 和 TET，没有形成 AFB1-Lys 加合物。我们得出结论，红外辐射的硝胺化过程可用于玉米饼中黄曲霉毒素的解毒。