AIMS The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicity of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MIONs) which were synthesized using carob leaf extract on various brain areas of Wistar rats. MAIN METHODS Carob leaf synthesized-MIONs were characterized using different techniques: Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), UV-vis spectrophotometer, Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The toxicity of MIONs in vivo was evaluated by: monitoring rat's body weight, measuring iron content in different brain areas, evaluating some oxidative stress parameters, estimating acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in addition to histopathological investigations. KEY FINDINGS The present study demonstrated no body weight changes of MIONs- treated rats. According to the conditions of the present study, the hippocampus and striatum were the most affected areas and demonstrated neuronal degeneration due to MIONs exposure. MIONs treatment of Wistar rats, also affected the iron homeostasis in both striatum and midbrain by decreasing iron content in these areas. The least affected areas were thalamus and cerebellum. The histopathological examination of brain areas demonstrated moderate neuronal degeneration in hippocampus and striatum, mild neuronal degeneration in cortex and slight degeneration in hypothalamus and pons-medulla areas were detected. SIGNIFICANCE The results suggested that MIONs have a toxic impact on different brain areas and the effect varies according to the brain area.

中文翻译：

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绿色合成的磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒在wistar大鼠不同脑区的神经毒性。

目的本研究的目的是评估使用角豆叶提取物合成的磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒（MIONs）对Wistar大鼠大脑各个区域的毒性。主要方法用不同技术对角豆叶片合成的MION进行表征：动态光散射（DLS），透射电子显微镜（TEM），紫外可见分光光度计，傅立叶变换红外（FTIR），X射线衍射（XRD）和原子力显微镜（AFM）。通过以下方法评估MION的体内毒性：监测大鼠的体重，测量不同大脑区域的铁含量，评估一些氧化应激参数，估计乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）以及组织病理学研究。主要发现本研究表明，经MIONs治疗的大鼠的体重没有变化。根据本研究的条件，海马和纹状体是受影响最严重的区域，并显示出由于MIONs暴露而引起的神经元变性。MIONs对Wistar大鼠的治疗还通过降低这些区域的铁含量来影响纹状体和中脑的铁稳态。受影响最小的地区是丘脑和小脑。脑区域的组织病理学检查显示，检测到了海马和纹状体的中度神经元变性，皮层中的轻度神经元变性，下丘脑和桥状髓质区域的轻度变性。意义该结果表明，MIONs对不同的大脑区域均具有毒性影响，且其影响因大脑区域而异。海马和纹状体是受影响最严重的区域，并且由于暴露于MIONs而表现出神经元变性。MIONs对Wistar大鼠的治疗还通过降低这些区域的铁含量来影响纹状体和中脑的铁稳态。受影响最小的地区是丘脑和小脑。脑区域的组织病理学检查显示，检测到了海马和纹状体的中度神经元变性，皮层中的轻度神经元变性，下丘脑和桥状髓质区域的轻度变性。意义该结果表明，MIONs对不同的大脑区域均具有毒性影响，且其影响因大脑区域而异。海马和纹状体是受影响最严重的区域，并且由于暴露于MIONs而表现出神经元变性。MIONs对Wistar大鼠的治疗还通过降低这些区域的铁含量来影响纹状体和中脑的铁稳态。受影响最小的地区是丘脑和小脑。脑区域的组织病理学检查显示，检测到了海马和纹状体的中度神经元变性，皮层中的轻度神经元变性，下丘脑和桥状髓质区域的轻度变性。意义该结果表明，MIONs对不同的大脑区域均具有毒性影响，且其影响因大脑区域而异。通过降低这些区域的铁含量，也影响纹状体和中脑的铁稳态。受影响最小的地区是丘脑和小脑。脑区域的组织病理学检查显示，检测到了海马和纹状体的中度神经元变性，皮层中的轻度神经元变性以及下丘脑和桥髓区域的轻度变性。意义该结果表明，MIONs对不同的大脑区域均具有毒性影响，且其影响因大脑区域而异。通过降低这些区域的铁含量，也影响纹状体和中脑的铁稳态。受影响最小的地区是丘脑和小脑。脑区域的组织病理学检查显示，检测到了海马和纹状体的中度神经元变性，皮层中的轻度神经元变性以及下丘脑和桥髓区域的轻度变性。意义该结果表明，MIONs对不同的大脑区域均具有毒性影响，且其影响因大脑区域而异。