BACKGROUND Canids are definitive hosts of Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus. This study aimed to survey these two Echinococcus species in canids of North-Khorasan Province, northeastern Iran, using morphological criteria and genetic characterization of mitochondrial DNA. METHODS The carcasses of 106 canids, namely 61 jackals (Canis aureus), 23 foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 19 dogs (Canis familiaris) and three wolves (Canis lupus) were collected from the study area in 2013-2014 and examined for Echinococcus species. Morphological features were assessed by microscopy of adult worms. For molecular characterization, DNA was extracted, mostly from the adult worms but also from eggs. DNA fragments of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) mitochondrial genes were amplified and sequenced. Sequences were aligned and compared with reference sequences. Intraspecific and interspecific diversity were calculated and phylogenetic analysis was performed. RESULTS Overall, 9.4% of the canids (eight jackals and two foxes) were found infected with E. multilocularis by molecular methods, of which seven cases were also confirmed using morphological description of the adult worms. Echinococcus granulosus was found in 6.6% of the canines (four dogs, two jackals and one wolf) as determined by both molecular methods and adult cestode morphology. All E. granulosus isolates were identified as the G1 genotype. Comparative sequence analysis indicated 0-0.7% and 0% intraspecific divergence within E. granulosus isolates and 0% and 0-0.2% within E. multilocularis isolates for cox1 and nad1, respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the presence of E. multilocularis and E. granulosus in canids of North-Khorasan Province of Iran. Jackals were found infected with both E. multilocularis and E. granulosus, but infection with the former species was higher.

中文翻译：

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使用线粒体DNA的形态学和遗传学特征鉴定了伊朗东北部北霍拉桑省犬科动物的多棘球棘球and和颗粒棘球E。

背景技术犬科动物是多叶棘球oc和颗粒棘球E的确定宿主。这项研究旨在调查形态学标准和线粒体DNA的遗传特征，在伊朗东北部北霍拉桑省的犬科动物中调查这两种棘球E球菌。方法在2013-2014年从研究区收集106只犬科动物的尸体，分别是61只jack狼（金黄色犬），23只狐狸（狐狸），19只狗（熟犬）和3只狼（犬狼疮），并检查其棘球E虫种类。 。通过显微镜观察成虫的形态特征。为了进行分子鉴定，提取了DNA，主要是从成虫体内提取的，但也从卵中提取的。扩增并测序了细胞色素C氧化酶亚基1（cox1）和NADH脱氢酶亚基1（nad1）线粒体基因的DNA片段。比对序列并与参考序列比较。计算了种内和种间多样性，并进行了系统发育分析。结果总体上，通过分子方法发现9.4％的犬科动物（8只狐狼和2只狐狸）被多叶眼肠埃希氏菌感染，其中7例通过成虫的形态学描述也得到证实。通过分子方法和成年尾est的形态学测定，在6.6％的犬（四只狗，两只（狼和一只狼）中发现了细粒棘球oc虫（Echinococcus granulosus）。所有的大肠杆菌分离株均被鉴定为G1基因型。比较序列分析表明，颗粒状大肠杆菌分离物内cox1和nad1的种内差异为0-0.7％和0％，而多眼大肠杆菌分离物内的种内差异为0％和0-0.2％。结论本研究揭示了E的存在。伊朗北呼罗珊省的犬科动物中的multilocularis和E. granulosus。发现狼感染了多叶大肠杆菌和颗粒大肠杆菌，但前者的感染率更高。