BACKGROUND There is evidence showing the effectiveness of a hypocaloric diet and the increase in physical activity on weight loss. However, the combined role of these factors, not only on weight loss but also body composition, remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a hypocaloric diet on the body composition of obese adult women throughout different degrees of physical activity during a weight loss program. METHODS One hundred and seventeen healthy female volunteers were randomly assigned to one of the experimental groups: a control group with a low-level prescription of physical activity (1-4 METs), moderate physical activity group that performed 10.000 steps walking (5-8 METs) and intense physical activity group that trained exercises by at least 70% of VO2max three times a week (> 8 METs). All subjects followed a hypocaloric diet designed with a reduction of 500 kcal/day. Nutritional counseling was provided throughout the study period to help ensure dietary adherence. RESULTS We found no differences in body weight compared to moderate and intense physical activity (ßstand. = - 0.138 vs. ßstand. = - 0.139). Body fat was lower in women following an intense activity (ßstand. = - 0.436) than those with moderate exercise (ßstand. = - 0.231). The high-intense activity also increased muscle mass at the end of the intervention, standing out above the moderate activity (ßstand. = 0.182 vs. ßstand. = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that a hypocaloric diet, without prescription of physical activity, is adequate to lose weight in the short term (12 weeks), but physical activity is vital to modify the body composition in women with obesity. Body fat was lower when women practiced a moderate exercise compared to hypocaloric diet only, but an intense physical activity was the most effective protocol to obtain a reduction of body fat and maintain muscle mass. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study protocol complied with the Declaration of Helsinki for medical studies, it was approved by the bioethical committee of Córdoba University, in the Department of Health at the Regional Government of Andalusia (Act n°284, ref.4156) and retrospectively registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03833791). Registered 2 January 2019.

中文翻译：

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低热量饮食与久坐，中度和高强度体育锻炼相结合的身体成分变化：一项随机对照试验。

背景技术有证据显示低热量饮食的有效性和身体活动对体重减轻的增加。然而，这些因素的综合作用，不仅在减肥方面，而且在身体组成上，仍不清楚。这项研究的目的是在减肥计划中研究低热量饮食对肥胖成年女性身体组成的影响。方法将117名健康女性志愿者随机分配到以下实验组之一：对照组进行低水平的体育锻炼（1-4 METs），中等体育锻炼组进行10,000步步行（5-8） METs）和激烈的体育锻炼小组，他们每周至少进行三次运动训练，锻炼至少VO2max的70％（> 8 METs）。所有受试者均接受低热量饮食设计，每天减少500 kcal。在整个研究期间都提供了营养咨询，以帮助确保饮食的依从性。结果我们发现，与中等强度和剧烈运动相比，体重没有差异（ßstand。=-0.138 vs.ßstand。=-0.139）。进行剧烈运动（ßstand。=-0.436）的女性的体内脂肪低于进行中等强度运动（ßstand。=-0.231）的女性。干预结束时，高强度的运动也会增加肌肉质量，高于中等强度的运动（ßstand。= 0.182 vs.ßstand。= 0.008）。结论这些发现表明，无需进行体育锻炼即可进行低热量饮食，足以在短期内（12周）减轻体重，但是体育锻炼对肥胖女性的身体组成至关重要。与仅低热量饮食相比，女性进行适度运动时身体脂肪含量较低，但激烈的体育锻炼是减少体内脂肪和维持肌肉质量的最有效方法。试验注册研究方案符合《赫尔辛基宣言》的医学研究要求，并经科尔多瓦大学生物伦理委员会批准，并由安大路西亚地方政府卫生部门批准（第284号法令，参考号4156），并进行了追溯注册。在Clinicaltrials.gov（NCT03833791）中。注册于2019年1月2日。但是激烈的体育锻炼是减少体内脂肪和维持肌肉质量的最有效方法。试验注册研究方案符合《赫尔辛基宣言》的医学研究要求，并经科尔多瓦大学生物伦理委员会批准，并由安大路西亚地方政府卫生部门批准（第284号法令，参考号4156），并进行了追溯注册。在Clinicaltrials.gov（NCT03833791）中。注册于2019年1月2日。但是激烈的体育锻炼是减少体内脂肪和维持肌肉质量的最有效方法。试验注册研究方案符合《赫尔辛基宣言》的医学研究要求，并经科尔多瓦大学生物伦理委员会批准，并由安大路西亚地方政府卫生部门批准（第284号法令，参考号4156），并进行了追溯注册。在Clinicaltrials.gov（NCT03833791）中。注册于2019年1月2日。