BACKGROUND Viruses of Archaea and Bacteria are among the most abundant and diverse biological entities on Earth. Unraveling their biodiversity has been challenging due to methodological limitations. Recent advances in culture-independent techniques, such as metagenomics, shed light on the unknown viral diversity, revealing thousands of new viral nucleotide sequences at an unprecedented scale. However, these novel sequences have not been properly classified and the evolutionary associations between them were not resolved. RESULTS Here, we performed phylogenomic analysis of nearly 200,000 viral nucleotide sequences to establish GL-UVAB: Genomic Lineages of Uncultured Viruses of Archaea and Bacteria. The pan-genome content of the identified lineages shed light on some of their infection strategies, potential to modulate host physiology, and mechanisms to escape host resistance systems. Furthermore, using GL-UVAB as a reference database for annotating metagenomes revealed elusive habitat distribution patterns of viral lineages and environmental drivers of community composition. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide insights about the genomic diversity and ecology of viruses of prokaryotes. The source code used in these analyses is freely available at https://sourceforge.net/projects/gluvab/.

中文翻译：

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绘制古细菌和细菌的未培养病毒的多样性图。

背景技术古细菌和细菌的病毒是地球上最丰富和多样的生物实体之一。由于方法上的局限性，破坏其生物多样性一直具有挑战性。诸如宏基因组学之类的与文化无关的技术的最新进展揭示了未知的病毒多样性，以前所未有的规模揭示了成千上万的新病毒核苷酸序列。但是，这些新序列尚未得到适当分类，它们之间的进化联系也没有得到解决。结果在这里，我们进行了近200,000病毒核苷酸序列的系统进化分析，以建立GL-UVAB：古细菌和细菌的未培养病毒的基因组谱系。所识别谱系的全基因组含量揭示了它们的某些感染策略，调节宿主生理的潜能，以及逃脱宿主抵抗系统的机制。此外，使用GL-UVAB作为注释元基因组的参考数据库，揭示了病毒谱系的难以捉摸的栖息地分布模式和社区组成的环境驱动因素。结论这些发现为原核生物病毒的基因组多样性和生态学提供了见解。这些分析中使用的源代码可从https://sourceforge.net/projects/gluvab/免费获得。