Fire-vegetation relationships are critical to understand transient mountain ecosystems and their long-term landscape dynamics, which is essential for alpine forest conservation. In this paper we aim to (1) reconstruct the Holocene fire history at high altitudes of the southern Central Pyrenees, (2) add evidence to the debate on fire origin, naturally or anthropogenically produced, (3) determine the importance of fire as a disturbance agent for sub-alpine and alpine vegetation, in comparison with the plant community internal dynamics applying conditional inference trees. We present and compare microcharcoal and pollen data series, from two lacustrine sedimentary sequences in the Central Pyrenees: Basa de la Mora (BSM), within the treeline ecotone at the sub-alpine belt (1914 m a.s.l.) and Marboré Lake, above the treeline at the alpine belt (2612 m a.s.l.).

We evidence that, fire activity was not the most important factor in driving vegetation dynamics regionally. Our results suggest that spatially, the fire signal might be site-dependent while over time, climate exerted a strong influence on fire activity during the early-to-mid Holocene, showing more fires during the Holocene Thermal Maximum (HTM) (ca. 7000–6000 cal yr BP) whereas fire activity decreased with the cold Neoglacial period. At ca. 3700 cal yr BP, fire activity increased coinciding with a regional landscape opening, suggesting that human activities may have strengthened the importance of fire. Fire activity remained low over the last two millennia but a remarkable Holocene maximum for the last centuries in both sequences is observed, likely related to increasing human pressure.

植被与植被之间的关系对于了解短暂的山区生态系统及其长期景观动态至关重要，这对于保护高山森林至关重要。本文旨在（1）重建中比利牛斯山脉中部南部高空全新世的火史，（2）为关于自然或人为产生的火源的辩论提供证据，（3）确定火作为火源的重要性与使用条件推断树的植物群落内部动力学相比，亚高山和高山植被的干扰因子。我们提出并比较了比利牛斯山脉中部的两个湖相沉积序列中的微木炭和花粉数据系列：Basa de la Mora（BSM），亚高山带（1914 m asl）和马博雷湖沿线的过渡带内的微木炭和花粉数据，

我们证明，火灾活动不是驱动区域植被动态的最重要因素。我们的研究结果表明，在空间上，着火信号可能与位置有关，而随着时间的流逝，全新世早期至中期，气候对火活动产生了强烈影响，在全新世最高温度（HTM）期间显示出更多的火灾（约7000年）。 –6000 cal yr BP），而火活动随寒冷的新冰期而减少。约于 BP 3700 yr yr年，火灾活动的增加与区域景观的开放相吻合，这表明人类活动可能增强了火灾的重要性。在过去的两千年中，火的活动仍然很低，但是在两个序列的最后几个世纪中都观察到了全新世的显着最大值，这很可能与人类压力的增加有关。