Nanotechnologies are becoming increasingly popular in modern era of human development in every aspect of life. Their impact on our ecosystem in air, soil, and water is largely unknown because of the limited amount of information available, and hence, they require considerable attention. This account highlights the important routes of nanomaterials toxicity in air, soil, and water, their possible impact on the ecosystem and aquatic life. The mechanistic aspects have been focused on the size, shape, and surface modifications of nanomaterials. The preventive measures and future directions along with appropriate designs and implementation of nanotechnologies have been proposed so as to minimize the interactions of nanomaterials with terrestrial flora and aquatic life. Specifically, the focus largely remains on the toxicity of metallic nanoparticles such as gold (Au) and silver (Ag) because of their applications in diverse fields. The account lists some prominent mechanistic routes of nanotoxicity along with in vivo experimental results based on the fundamental understanding that how nanometallic surfaces interact with plant as well as animal biological systems. The appropriate modifications of the nanometallic surfaces with biocompatible molecules are considered to be the most effective preventive measures to reduce the nanotoxicity.

中文翻译：

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纳米材料对生态系统的影响：体内机制。

在人类发展的现代时代，纳米技术正在生活的各个方面变得越来越流行。由于可获得的信息量有限，它们在空气，土壤和水中对我们的生态系统的影响在很大程度上尚不清楚，因此，需要引起极大关注。该报告强调了纳米材料在空气，土壤和水中的毒性的重要途径，以及它们对生态系统和水生生物的可能影响。机械方面已经集中在纳米材料的尺寸，形状和表面改性上。已经提出了预防措施和未来方向以及适当的纳米技术设计和实施，以使纳米材料与陆地植物区系和水生生物的相互作用减至最小。具体来说，由于金属纳米颗粒在各个领域的应用，因此重点主要放在金属纳米颗粒（例如金（Au）和银（Ag））的毒性上。该帐户基于对纳米金属表面如何与植物以及动物生物系统相互作用的基本理解，列出了一些重要的纳米毒性机理途径以及体内实验结果。用生物相容性分子对纳米金属表面进行适当的修饰被认为是减少纳米毒性的最有效的预防措施。该帐户基于对纳米金属表面如何与植物以及动物生物系统相互作用的基本理解，列出了一些重要的纳米毒性机理途径以及体内实验结果。用生物相容性分子对纳米金属表面进行适当的修饰被认为是减少纳米毒性的最有效的预防措施。该帐户基于对纳米金属表面如何与植物以及动物生物系统相互作用的基本理解，列出了一些重要的纳米毒性机理途径以及体内实验结果。用生物相容性分子对纳米金属表面进行适当的修饰被认为是减少纳米毒性的最有效的预防措施。