Direct CO₂ hydrogenation to ethanol is one of the promising and emerging routes for the transformation of CO₂ into value-added chemicals, but it remains a major challenge because of low ethanol selectivity and catalytic stability. In this work, Na-promoted cobalt catalysts supported on different materials (Al₂O₃, ZnO, AC, TiO₂, SiO₂, and Si₃N₄) were evaluated to elucidate the effects of supports. The SiO₂- and Si₃N₄-supported catalysts exhibited efficient generation of ethanol with 18% CO₂ conversion and 62% selectivity in the alcohol distribution at 250 °C, whereas CH₄ was predominantly produced on other supported catalysts. Characterization results indicated that the Co₂C active phase only remained intact on SiO₂ and Si₃N₄ supports during reaction and exhibited excellent durability for 300 h, which was attributed to the existence of a strong metal–support interaction (SMSI) obtained by SiOCo bond formation. In situ DRIFTS results revealed that CO produced on Co₂C inserted into CH_x intermediates to form ethanol. Moreover, CO as the reactive intermediate could induce the regeneration and reconstruction of decomposed Co₂C on the surface for catalytic sustainability.

将CO ₂直接氢化为乙醇是将CO ₂转化为增值化学品的有前途和新兴途径之一，但由于乙醇选择性低和催化稳定性低，它仍然是主要挑战。在这项工作中，评估了在不同材料（Al ₂ O ₃，ZnO，AC，TiO ₂，SiO ₂和Si ₃ N ₄）上负载的Na促进的钴催化剂，以阐明载体的作用。SiO ₂和Si ₃ N ₄负载的催化剂显示出可有效生成含18％CO ₂的乙醇在250°C时，乙醇分布具有较高的转化率和62％的选择性，而CH ₄主要在其他负载型催化剂上产生。表征结果表明，在反应过程中，Co ₂ C活性相仅在SiO ₂和Si ₃ N ₄载体上完好无损，并且在300 h内表现出优异的耐久性，这归因于存在强金属-载体相互作用（SMSI）。 Si O Co键形成。原位DRIFTS结果表明，插入到CH _x中的Co ₂ C上产生的CO中间体形成乙醇。此外，CO作为反应性中间体可以诱导表面上分解的Co ₂ C的再生和重建，从而实现催化的可持续性。