Cold sintering is a low‐temperature powder process methodology that enables the densification of ceramics and ceramic‐based composites at significantly reduced times and temperatures. Although the general notion of required pressure for the cold sintering is in the hundreds MPa, some material systems were reasonably demonstrated to be densified in the pressure below 50 MPa, which allows to increase the sample size up to 25 cm² using a small tabletop laboratory press. Indeed, the pressure requirement has been a major constraint on promoting its application deployments, but this study is intended to propose a path to alleviate that limitation. Five different ceramic and composite systems (three ZnO‐based composites, Li_1.5Al_0.5Ge_1.5(PO₄)₃, and zeolite Y) with applications in electronic, structural, and energy storage were investigated as a preliminary example of the size scale‐up process. One of the observed challenges of the scale‐up process was to obtain homogeneous microstructure all over the sample as the transient phase evaporation rate may be different upon the localization. In the case of ZnO, the inhomogeneous pellet translucency may pertain to partial anisotropic grain growth within the same sample.

中文翻译：

---

在减小的单轴压力下实现按比例放大的冷烧结工艺

冷烧结是一种低温粉末工艺方法，可在显着减少的时间和温度下实现陶瓷和陶瓷基复合材料的致密化。尽管冷烧结所需压力的一般概念为数百MPa，但合理证明，某些材料系统会在50 MPa以下的压力下致密，这可以在小型台式实验室中将样品大小增加至25 cm ²按。确实，压力要求一直是促进其应用程序部署的主要限制因素，但本研究旨在提出减轻此限制的方法。五个不同的陶瓷和复合材料体系（三种基于ZnO的复合材料，Li _1.5 Al _0.5 Ge _1.5（PO_研究了4）₃和Y（沸石Y）在电子，结构和能量存储中的应用，作为规模放大过程的初步示例。放大过程中观察到的挑战之一是要在整个样品上获得均匀的微观结构，因为瞬态相的蒸发速率可能会因定位而异。在使用ZnO的情况下，不均匀的颗粒半透明性可能与同一样品中部分各向异性的晶粒长大有关。