Abstract Reverse electrodialysis is a relatively new technology for non-carbon based and renewable energy harvesting from river and sea water. Because of the existing salinity gradients between those two types of water, selective transport of counter-ions from the sea to the river water through an ion-exchange membrane generates a voltage drop across it, which can drive electricity through an external electric device. The decrease in power density caused by the presence of divalent ions in the solutions because of the uphill transport of these ions against their concentration gradient can be mitigated by treating the river water in order to remove such type of ions. In this work, the effects of the fraction of salt with divalent cation in the dilute solution on the energy harvesting process in a permeable cation-exchange membrane system with well-stirred bathing solutions under reverse electrodialysis conditions, are theoretically investigate on the basis of the Nernst-Planck transport equations. Interesting results, which are related to the uphill transport of the cations against their concentration gradient, emerge from the asymmetric distribution of the cationic concentrations in the inner boundaries of the membrane because of the ionic partitioning in permeable membranes.

中文翻译：

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通过去除稀溶液中的二价阳离子在改进的反向电渗析中向上传输：基于 Nernst-Planck 的研究

摘要 反电渗析是一种相对较新的从河流和海水中收集非碳基和可再生能源的技术。由于这两种水之间存在盐度梯度，反离子通过离子交换膜从海中选择性传输到河水中会产生电压降，这可以通过外部电子设备驱动电力。由于这些离子逆着浓度梯度向上传输，溶液中存在二价离子而导致的功率密度降低可以通过处理河水以去除此类离子来缓解。在这项工作中，基于 Nernst-Planck 输运理论研究了稀释溶液中含有二价阳离子的盐的比例对反电渗析条件下具有充分搅拌的浴液的渗透性阳离子交换膜系统中能量收集过程的影响方程。有趣的结果与阳离子逆浓度梯度的上坡传输有关，这些结果来自膜内边界中阳离子浓度的不对称分布，因为渗透膜中的离子分配。