Are Technological Developments Improving the Environmental Sustainability of Photovoltaic Electricity?,Energy Technology

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Are Technological Developments Improving the Environmental Sustainability of Photovoltaic Electricity?
Energy Technology ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-28 , DOI: 10.1002/ente.201901064
Carlos Felipe Blanco ₁ , Stefano Cucurachi ₁ , Willie J. G. M. Peijnenburg ₂ , Alistair Beames ₃ , Martina G. Vijver ₁

Affiliation

Innovation in photovoltaics (PV) is mostly driven by the cost per kilowatt ratio, making it easy to overlook environmental impacts of technological enhancements during early research and development stages. As PV technology developers introduce novel materials and manufacturing methods, the well‐studied environmental profile of conventional silicon‐based PV may change considerably. Herein, existing trends and hotspots across different types of emerging PV technologies are investigated through a systematic review and meta‐analysis of life‐cycle assessments (LCAs). To incorporate as many data points as possible, a comprehensive harmonization procedure is applied, producing over 600 impact data points for organic, perovskite (PK), dye‐sensitized, tandem, silicon, and other thin‐film cells. How the panel and balance of system components affect environmental footprints in comparable installations is also investigated and discussed. Despite the large uncertainties and variabilities in the underlying LCA data and models, the harmonized results show clear positive trends across the sector. Seven potential hotspots are identified for specific PV technologies and impact categories. The analysis offers a high‐level guidance for technology developers to avoid introducing undesired environmental trade‐offs as they advance to make PV more competitive in the energy markets.

中文翻译：

技术发展是否正在改善光伏电力的环境可持续性？

光伏技术（PV）的创新主要由每千瓦成本比驱动，这使得在早期研发阶段就可以轻松忽略技术改进对环境的影响。随着光伏技术开发人员介绍新颖的材料和制造方法，对常规硅基光伏的研究充分的环境概况可能会发生很大变化。在此，通过系统评估和生命周期评估（LCA）的荟萃分析，研究了不同类型的新兴PV技术中的现有趋势和热点。为了尽可能多地合并数据点，应用了全面的协调程序，为有机，钙钛矿（PK），染料敏化，串联，硅和其他薄膜电池产生了600多个冲击数据点。还研究和讨论了面板和系统组件的平衡如何影响可比较安装中的环境足迹。尽管基础LCA数据和模型存在很大的不确定性和差异性，但协调一致的结果显示了整个行业的明显积极趋势。针对特定的光伏技术和影响类别，确定了七个潜在的热点。该分析为技术开发人员提供了高级指导，以避免他们在提高PV在能源市场中的竞争力的过程中引入不必要的环境折衷。针对特定的光伏技术和影响类别，确定了七个潜在的热点。该分析为技术开发人员提供了高级指导，以避免他们在提高PV在能源市场中的竞争力的过程中引入不必要的环境折衷。针对特定的光伏技术和影响类别，确定了七个潜在的热点。该分析为技术开发人员提供了高级指导，以避免他们在提高PV在能源市场中的竞争力的过程中引入不必要的环境折衷。

更新日期：2019-12-28

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