The bacterial community in the surface of withered grapes, which are partially dehydrated in the post-harvest period to produce Italian passito wine, has been seldom investigated. Fifty epiphytic bacterial strains isolated from withered berries were identified and characterized. Genera such as Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Curtobacterium, Micrococcus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus have been identified by comparative sequence and phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Bacillus was predominant and several taxa within this genus have been recognized. All isolates were characterized by PCR fingerprinting and assayed for osmotic tolerance, motility and antifungal activity. Several Bacillus strains displayed antagonistic effects on grape-rotting fungi such as Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Aspergillus uvarum. The other strains were weakly or non-antagonistic on these fungi. Assay on antagonistic interactions among bacteria was also carried out. Bacillus strains, which exhibit swimming and swarming motility, have the potential to colonize the grape surface and to compete with their neighbours for space and resources. The occurrence of these isolates could reduce the contamination of fungal pathogens during grape withering. Epiphytic antagonistic bacteria could potentially be of interest for fungal biocontrol in the post-harvest processing of fruit and vegetables.

中文翻译：

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葡萄枯萎的附生细菌及其对葡萄腐烂真菌的拮抗作用。

很少研究凋萎葡萄表面的细菌群落，在采摘后部分脱水以生产意大利passito葡萄酒。从枯萎的浆果中分离出五十种附生细菌菌株，并进行了鉴定。通过16S rRNA基因序列的比较序列和系统发育分析，已经鉴定出了芽孢杆菌属，短杆菌属，弯曲杆菌属，微球菌属，假单胞菌属和葡萄球菌属。芽孢杆菌占主导地位，并且已经认识到该属中的几种分类单元。通过PCR指纹图谱鉴定所有分离物，并测定其渗透耐受性，运动性和抗真菌活性。几种芽孢杆菌菌株对葡萄腐烂真菌如灰葡萄孢，扩展青霉和曲霉等具有拮抗作用。其他菌株对这些真菌具有弱或非拮抗作用。还进行了细菌之间拮抗作用的测定。表现出游动性和成群运动性的芽孢杆菌菌株具有在葡萄表面定居并与邻居竞争空间和资源的潜力。这些分离株的出现可以减少葡萄枯萎过程中真菌病原体的污染。附生拮抗细菌可能对水果和蔬菜的收获后加工中的真菌生物控制感兴趣。这些分离株的出现可以减少葡萄枯萎过程中真菌病原体的污染。附生拮抗细菌可能对水果和蔬菜的收获后加工中的真菌生物控制感兴趣。这些分离株的出现可以减少葡萄枯萎过程中真菌病原体的污染。附生拮抗细菌可能对水果和蔬菜的收获后加工中的真菌生物控制感兴趣。