The T-cell response is central in the adaptive immune-mediated elimination of pathogen-infected and/or cancer cells. This activated T-cell response can inflict an overwhelming degree of damage to the targeted cells, which in most instances leads to the control and elimination of foreign invaders. However, in conditions of chronic infection, persistent exposure of T cells to high levels of antigen results in a severe T-cell dysfunctional state called exhaustion. T-cell exhaustion leads to a suboptimal immune-mediated control of multiple viral infections including the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In this review, we will discuss the role of T-cell exhaustion in HIV disease progression, the long-term defect of T-cell function even in aviremic patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART), the role of exhaustion-specific markers in maintaining a reservoir of latently infected cells, and exploiting these markers in HIV cure strategies.

中文翻译：

---

HIV感染中的T细胞衰竭。

T细胞反应在病原体感染和/或癌细胞的适应性免疫介导消除中至关重要。这种活化的T细胞反应可能会对目标细胞造成极大的损害，这在大多数情况下会导致对外来入侵者的控制和消除。然而，在慢性感染的情况下，T细胞持续暴露于高水平的抗原会导致严重的T细胞功能障碍状态，称为精疲力竭。T细胞衰竭导致对包括人免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）在内的多种病毒感染的免疫介导控制欠佳。在这篇综述中，我们将讨论T细胞衰竭在HIV疾病进展中的作用，甚至在接受抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）的非视博病患者中T细胞功能的长期缺陷，