Early stage detection of biofilm formation is an important aspect of microbial research because once formed, biofilms show serious tolerance to antibiotics in contrast to the free-floating bacteria, which significantly increases the difficulty for clinical treatment of bacterial infections. The early stage detection technology is desired to improve the efficiency of medical treatments. In this work, we present a biosensor consisting of a magnesium zinc oxide (MZO) dual gate thin-film transistor (DGTFT) as the actuator and an MZO nanostructure (MZOnano) array coated conducting pad as the extended sensing gate for the early stage detection of Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) biofilm formation. S. epidermidis bacteria were cultured in vitro on the nanostructure modified sensing pad. Charge transfer occurs between microbial cells and the MZOnano during the initial bacterial adhesion stage. Such electrical signals, which represent the onset of biofilm formation, were dynamically detected by the DGTFT where the top gate electrode was connected to the extended MZOnano sensing pad and the bottom gate was used for biasing the device into the optimum characteristic region for high sensitivity and stable operation. The testing results show that a current change of ~80% is achieved after ~200 min of bacterial culturing. A crystal violet staining-based assay shows that tiny bacterial microcolonies just start to form at 200 min, and that it would take approximately 24 h to form matured biofilms. This technology enables medical professionals to act promptly on bacterial infection before biofilms get fully established.

中文翻译：

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使用MgZnO双门TFT生物传感器对表皮葡萄球菌生物膜形成的早期检测。

生物膜形成的早期检测是微生物研究的重要方面，因为一旦形成生物膜，与自由漂浮的细菌相比，它对抗生素表现出严重的耐受性，这大大增加了临床治疗细菌感染的难度。需要早期检测技术以提高医疗效率。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种生物传感器，该传感器由氧化镁锌（MZO）双栅极薄膜晶体管（DGTFT）作为致动器，以及MZO纳米结构（MZOnano）阵列涂覆的导电垫作为扩展的传感门，用于早期检测表皮葡萄球菌（S. epidermidis）生物膜的形成。表皮葡萄球菌细菌在纳米结构修饰的传感垫上进行体外培养。在最初的细菌粘附阶段，电荷转移发生在微生物细胞和MZOnano之间。代表生物膜形成开始的此类电信号由DGTFT动态检测，其中顶部栅电极连接到扩展的MZOnano感应垫，而底部栅用于将器件偏置到最佳特性区域，以实现高灵敏度和高灵敏度。运行稳定。测试结果表明，在细菌培养约200分钟后，电流变化达到了约80％。基于结晶紫染色的分析表明，微小的细菌微菌落仅在200分钟时开始形成，大约需要24小时才能形成成熟的生物膜。这项技术使医疗专业人员能够在生物膜完全形成之前立即对细菌感染采取行动。