Holstein haplotype (HH) 1, 3 and 4 are lethal mutations, responsible for early embryonic losses in Holstein Friesian (HF) cattle, worldwide. Three PCR based assays - tetra Amplification Refractory Mutation System PCR, PCR primer induced restriction analysis and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques for screening of HH1, 3 and 4, respectively were developed and validated. During screening, six among 60 HF bulls were found as carrier for either of three mutations. These PCR assays are highly accurate and reproducible and can be used for screening of the haplotypes in HF cattle.

中文翻译：

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基于PCR的检测方法的开发，用于检测荷斯坦黑白花牛的致死性荷斯坦单倍型1、3和4。

荷斯坦单倍型（HH）1、3和4是致死突变，是造成全世界荷斯坦黑白花（HF）牛早期胚胎丢失的原因。开发并验证了三种基于PCR的检测方法-四扩增难治性突变系统PCR，PCR引物诱导的限制性酶切分析和PCR限制性片段长度多态性技术，用于筛选HH1、3和4。在筛选过程中，发现60头HF公牛中有6头是三种突变中任一种的携带者。这些PCR分析具有很高的准确性和可重复性，可用于筛选HF牛的单倍型。