Vascular reconstruction: A major challenge in developing a functional whole solid organ graft from decellularized organs.,Acta Biomaterialia

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Vascular reconstruction: A major challenge in developing a functional whole solid organ graft from decellularized organs.
Acta Biomaterialia ( IF 9.4 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-27 , DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.12.029
Kamal Hany Hussein ₁ , Kyung-Mee Park ₂ , Lina Yu ₃ , Su-Hyeon Song ₃ , Heung-Myong Woo ₃ , Ho-Hyun Kwak ₃

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Bioengineering a functional organ holds great potential to overcome the current gap between the organ need and shortage of available organs. Whole organ decellularization allows the removal of cells from large-scale organs, leaving behind extracellular matrices containing different growth factors, structural proteins, and a vascular network with a bare surface. Successful application of decellularized tissues as transplantable organs is hampered by the inability to completely reline the vasculature by endothelial cells (ECs), leading to blood coagulation, loss of vascular patency, and subsequent death of reseeded cells. Therefore, an intact, continuous layer of endothelium is essential to maintain proper functioning of the vascular system, which includes the transfer of nutrients to surrounding tissues and protecting other types of cells from shear stress. Here, we aimed to summarize the available cell sources that can be used for reendothelialization in addition to different trials performed by researchers to reconstruct vascularization of decellularized solid organs. Additionally, different techniques for enhancing reendothelialization and the methods used for evaluating reendothelialization efficiency along with the future prospective applications of this field are discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the great progress in whole organ decellularization, reconstruction of vasculature within the engineered constructs is still a major roadblock. Reconstructed endothelium acts as a multifunctional barrier of vessels, which can reduce thrombosis and help delivering of oxygen and nutrients throughout the whole organ. Successful reendothelialization can be achieved through reseeding of appropriate cell types on the naked vasculature with or without modification of its surface. Here, we present the current research milestones that so far established to reconstruct the vascular network in addition to the methods used for evaluating the efficiency of reendotheilization. Thus, this review is quite significant and will aid the researchers to know where we stand toward biofabricating a transplantable organ from decellularizd extracellular matrix.

中文翻译：

血管重建：从脱细胞器官开发功能完整的全实体器官移植是一项重大挑战。

对功能器官进行生物工程具有巨大的潜力，可以克服目前器官需求与可用器官短缺之间的差距。整个器官的脱细胞作用可从大型器官中去除细胞，从而留下含有不同生长因子，结构蛋白和表面裸露的血管网络的细胞外基质。脱细胞组织作为可移植器官的成功应用受到内皮细胞（EC）无法完全使脉管系统重新排列的阻碍，从而导致血液凝结，血管通畅性丧失以及再接种的细胞死亡。因此，完整，连续的内皮细胞层对于维持血管系统的正常运作至关重要，其中包括将营养物质转移到周围组织中，并保护其他类型的细胞免受剪切应力的影响。在这里，我们旨在总结除研究人员进行的用于重建脱细胞实体器官血管化的不同试验外，还可以用于内皮再血管化的可用细胞来源。另外，还讨论了用于增强血管内皮化的不同技术以及用于评估血管内皮化效率的方法，以及该领域的未来预期应用。意义声明：尽管在整个器官脱细胞方面取得了巨大进步，但在工程构建体中重建脉管系统仍然是主要障碍。重建的内皮充当血管的多功能屏障，可以减少血栓形成，并帮助整个器官输送氧气和营养。可以通过在裸脉管系统上重新接种适当的细胞类型来实现成功的内皮再内皮化，无论表面是否经过修饰。在这里，我们介绍了目前用于建立血管网络重建的研究里程碑，以及用于评估再血管化效率的方法。因此，这项综述意义重大，将有助于研究人员了解我们站在从脱细胞的细胞外基质生物制造可移植器官的立场。除了用于评估再血管化效率的方法外，我们还介绍了迄今为止为重建血管网络而建立的当前研究里程碑。因此，这项综述意义重大，将有助于研究人员了解我们站在从脱细胞的细胞外基质生物制造可移植器官的立场。除了用于评估再血管化效率的方法外，我们还介绍了迄今为止为重建血管网络而建立的当前研究里程碑。因此，这项综述意义重大，将有助于研究人员了解我们站在从脱细胞的细胞外基质生物制造可移植器官的立场。

更新日期：2019-12-27

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