Background

The microbiota in the human gut are an important component of normal physiology that has co-evolved from the earliest multicellular organisms. Therefore, it is unsurprising that there is intimate crosstalk between the microbial world in the gut and the host. Genome regulation through microbiota-host interactions not only affects the host's immunity, but also metabolic health and resilience against cancer. Chromatin dynamics of the host epithelium involving histone modifications and other facets of the epigenetic machinery play an important role in this process.

Scope of review

This review discusses recent findings relevant to how chromatin dynamics shape the crosstalk between the microbiota and its host, with a special focus on the role of histone modifications.

Major conclusions

Host-microbiome interactions are important evolutionary drivers and are thus expected to be hardwired into and mould the epigenetic machinery in multicellular organisms. Microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are dominant determinants of microbiome–host interactions, and the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDACs) by SCFA is a key mechanism in this process. The discovery of alternative histone acylations, such as crotonylation, in addition to the canonical histone acetylation reveals a new layer of complexity in this crosstalk.

中文翻译：

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肠道微生物群-宿主串扰中的染色质动力学和组蛋白修饰。

背景

人体肠道中的微生物群是正常生理学的重要组成部分，是从最早的多细胞生物共同进化而来的。因此，肠道微生物世界与宿主之间存在密切的串扰也就不足为奇了。通过微生物群-宿主相互作用进行的基因组调控不仅会影响宿主的免疫力，还会影响代谢健康和抗癌能力。宿主上皮细胞的染色质动力学涉及组蛋白修饰和表观遗传机制的其他方面，在此过程中起着重要作用。

审查范围

这篇综述讨论了与染色质动力学如何影响微生物群与其宿主之间的串扰有关的最新发现，特别关注组蛋白修饰的作用。

主要结论

宿主-微生物组的相互作用是重要的进化驱动因素，因此有望融入和塑造多细胞生物体的表观遗传机制。微生物来源的短链脂肪酸 (SCFA) 是微生物组-宿主相互作用的主要决定因素，而 SCFA 对组蛋白去乙酰化酶 (HDAC) 的抑制是该过程中的关键机制。除了典型的组蛋白乙酰化之外，替代组蛋白酰化（如巴豆酰化）的发现揭示了这种串扰中的一个新的复杂层。