Abstract Photovoltaic (PV) system is one of the most important technologies among the renewable energy resources. With the increasing penetration of PV systems in distribution networks, harmonic distortions also rise due to the inevitable effects of PV inverters. Therefore, determination of the optimal PV penetration level is a vital issue in terms of preventing power quality problems. In this paper, probabilistic and deterministic approaches are proposed to determine the optimal penetration levels of PV systems in unbalanced distorted distribution networks by taking into account the uncertainty of load profile and the intermittent characteristic of PV system output power due to changes in solar irradiance. The Interior Point (IP) method is applied to solve the optimization problem in conjunction with the Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) and K – means clustering, respectively. The methodology is based on the dependence of the harmonic spectrum of PV injected current on solar irradiance. The harmonic power quality parameters are calculated by using loop frame of reference based three phase harmonic power flow method in the unbalanced distribution network, where the nonlinear loads and PV systems are interfaced. The allowable PV penetration levels are determined based on power quality parameters comprising of total harmonic voltage and individual harmonic voltage distortions, and RMS bus voltage limits.

中文翻译：

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考虑负载和辐照度不确定性的谐波限制对不平衡配电网络中光伏渗透水平的影响

摘要 光伏（PV）系统是可再生能源中最重要的技术之一。随着光伏系统在配电网络中的渗透率不断提高，由于光伏逆变器的不可避免的影响，谐波失真也随之增加。因此，确定最佳光伏渗透水平是防止电能质量问题的关键问题。在本文中，通过考虑负载曲线的不确定性和由于太阳辐照度变化而导致光伏系统输出功率的间歇特性，提出了概率和确定性方法来确定光伏系统在不平衡失真配电网络中的最佳渗透水平。内点 (IP) 方法分别与蒙特卡洛模拟 (MCS) 和 K 均值聚类相结合，用于解决优化问题。该方法基于光伏注入电流的谐波光谱对太阳辐照度的依赖性。在非线性负载和光伏系统连接的不平衡配电网中，采用基于环路参考系的三相谐波潮流法计算谐波电能质量参数。允许的光伏渗透水平是根据电能质量参数确定的，电能质量参数包括总谐波电压和单个谐波电压失真，以及 RMS 总线电压限制。在非线性负载和光伏系统连接的不平衡配电网中，采用基于环路参考系的三相谐波潮流法计算谐波电能质量参数。允许的光伏渗透水平是根据电能质量参数确定的，电能质量参数包括总谐波电压和单个谐波电压失真，以及 RMS 总线电压限制。在非线性负载和光伏系统连接的不平衡配电网中，采用基于环路参考系的三相谐波潮流法计算谐波电能质量参数。允许的光伏渗透水平是根据电能质量参数确定的，电能质量参数包括总谐波电压和单个谐波电压失真，以及 RMS 总线电压限制。