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Local Fatty Acid Channeling into Phospholipid Synthesis Drives Phagophore Expansion during Autophagy.
Cell ( IF 45.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.005
Maximilian Schütter 1 , Patrick Giavalisco 2 , Susanne Brodesser 3 , Martin Graef 4
Affiliation  

Autophagy is a conserved catabolic homeostasis process central for cellular and organismal health. During autophagy, small single-membrane phagophores rapidly expand into large double-membrane autophagosomes to encapsulate diverse cargoes for degradation. It is thought that autophagic membranes are mainly derived from preformed organelle membranes. Instead, here we delineate a pathway that expands the phagophore membrane by localized phospholipid synthesis. Specifically, we find that the conserved acyl-CoA synthetase Faa1 accumulates on nucleated phagophores and locally activates fatty acids (FAs) required for phagophore elongation and autophagy. Strikingly, using isotopic FA tracing, we directly show that Faa1 channels activated FAs into the synthesis of phospholipids and promotes their assembly into autophagic membranes. Indeed, the first committed steps of de novo phospholipid synthesis at the ER, which forms stable contacts with nascent autophagosomes, are essential for autophagy. Together, our work illuminates how cells spatially tune synthesis and flux of phospholipids for autophagosome biogenesis during autophagy.

中文翻译:

在自噬过程中,引导进入磷脂合成的局部脂肪酸可驱动荧光团扩展。

自噬是一种保守的分解代谢稳态过程,对细胞和机体健康至关重要。在自噬过程中,小的单膜噬菌体会迅速扩展为大的双膜自噬体,以封装各种货物以进行降解。认为自噬膜主要来自预制的细胞器膜。取而代之的是,在这里我们描绘了通过局部磷脂合成来扩展吞噬膜的途径。具体来说,我们发现保守的酰基辅酶A合成酶Faa1积累在有核吞噬细胞上,并局部激活吞噬细胞伸长和自噬所需的脂肪酸(FAs)。令人惊讶的是,使用同位素FA示踪法,我们直接显示Faa1通道可激活FAs进入磷脂的合成,并促进其组装成自噬膜。的确,从头开始的新生磷脂合成的第一步是与新生自噬体形成稳定接触,这对于自噬至关重要。在一起,我们的工作阐明了细胞如何在空间上调节自噬过程中自噬体生物合成的磷脂的合成和通量。
更新日期:2019-12-27
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