Saltatory Conduction along Myelinated Axons Involves a Periaxonal Nanocircuit.,Cell

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Saltatory Conduction along Myelinated Axons Involves a Periaxonal Nanocircuit.
Cell ( IF 45.5 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-26 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.039
Charles C H Cohen ₁ , Marko A Popovic ₂ , Jan Klooster ₂ , Marie-Theres Weil ₃ , Wiebke Möbius ₃ , Klaus-Armin Nave ₃ , Maarten H P Kole ₁

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The propagation of electrical impulses along axons is highly accelerated by the myelin sheath and produces saltating or "jumping" action potentials across internodes, from one node of Ranvier to the next. The underlying electrical circuit, as well as the existence and role of submyelin conduction in saltatory conduction remain, however, elusive. Here, we made patch-clamp and high-speed voltage-calibrated optical recordings of potentials across the nodal and internodal axolemma of myelinated neocortical pyramidal axons combined with electron microscopy and experimentally constrained cable modeling. Our results reveal a nanoscale yet conductive periaxonal space, incompletely sealed at the paranodes, which separates the potentials across the low-capacitance myelin sheath and internodal axolemma. The emerging double-cable model reproduces the recorded evolution of voltage waveforms across nodes and internodes, including rapid nodal potentials traveling in advance of attenuated waves in the internodal axolemma, revealing a mechanism for saltation across time and space.

中文翻译：

沿有髓轴突的跳跃传导涉及轴突周围纳米电路。

电脉冲沿轴突的传播被髓鞘高度加速，并在节间产生盐化或“跳跃”动作电位，从朗飞的一个节点到下一个。然而，潜在的电路以及髓磷脂下传导在跳跃传导中的存在和作用仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们结合电子显微镜和实验约束电缆模型，对有髓新皮质锥体轴突的节点和节间轴突的电位进行膜片钳和高速电压校准光学记录。我们的结果揭示了纳米级但导电的轴周空间，在节旁不完全密封，它将低电容髓鞘和节间轴膜上的电位分开。新兴的双电缆模型再现了节点和节间电压波形的记录演变，包括在节间轴突中衰减波之前行进的快速节点电势，揭示了跨时间和空间的跃变机制。

更新日期：2019-12-27

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