Hydrophobic interactions are ubiquitous in water-based systems, which play a central role in a variety of interfacial phenomena. Herein, the recent advances in the quantitative measurements of hydrophobic interactions at different solid/water, air/water and oil/water interfaces using surface forces apparatus (SFA) and atomic force microscope (AFM) are summarized. By the quantitative force measurements, the correlations among molecular architectures, hydrophobic interactions and interfacial processes associated with the stimuli-responsive materials could be established. The nanoscale chemical heterogeneity (viz., immobilized ions in close proximity to nonpolar domains) could substantially affect and even eliminate the hydrophobic interaction. Regarding the molecular order, the ordered crystalline-like hydrophobic surfaces exhibit stronger hydrophobic attraction compared to the disordered liquid-like hydrophobic surfaces due to the distinct water structure effects.

疏水相互作用在水基系统中无处不在，在各种界面现象中起着核心作用。本文中，总结了使用表面力装置（SFA）和原子力显微镜（AFM）在不同固体/水，空气/水和油/水界面处疏水相互作用的定量测量的最新进展。通过定量力测量，可以建立与刺激响应材料相关的分子结构，疏水相互作用和界面过程之间的相关性。纳米级化学异质性（即固定在非极性区域附近的离子）可能会影响甚至消除疏水性相互作用。关于分子顺序