Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β uses several intracellular signaling pathways besides canonical ALK5-Smad2/3 signaling to regulate a diverse array of cellular functions. Several of these so-called non-canonical (non-Smad2/3) pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis and may therefore represent targets for therapeutic intervention. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the mechanisms of non-canonical TGF-β signaling in fibrosis, the potential molecular targets and the use of agonists/antagonists for therapeutic intervention.

中文翻译：

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纤维化中的非经典（non-SMAD2 / 3）TGF-β信号传导：机制和目标。

转化生长因子（TGF）-β除了经典的ALK5-Smad2 / 3信号传导外，还使用多种细胞内信号传导途径来调节多种细胞功能。这些所谓的非经典（non-Smad2 / 3）途径中的几种已与纤维化的发病机制有关，因此可能代表治疗干预的目标。这篇综述总结了我们对纤维化中非经典TGF-β信号传导机制，潜在分子靶点以及激动剂/拮抗剂在治疗干预中的应用的当前知识。