Protein stability is not only fundamental for experimental, industrial, and therapeutic applications, but is also the baseline for evolving novel protein functions. For decades, stability engineering armed with directed evolution has continued its rapid development and inevitably poses challenges. Generally, in directed evolution, establishing a reliable link between a genotype and any interpretable phenotype is more challenging than diversifying genetic libraries. Consequently, we set forth in a small picture to emphasize the screening or selection techniques in protein stability-directed evolution to secure the link. For a more systematic review, two main branches of these techniques, namely cellular or cell-free display and stability biosensors, are expounded with informative examples.

中文翻译：

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定向进化中的选择和筛选策略以提高蛋白质稳定性

蛋白质稳定性不仅是实验，工业和治疗应用的基础，而且还是不断发展的新型蛋白质功能的基础。几十年来，具有定向进化能力的稳定性工程一直在持续快速发展，不可避免地带来了挑战。通常，在定向进化中，在基因型和任何可解释的表型之间建立可靠的联系比使基因文库多样化更具挑战性。因此，我们在一张小图片中着重强调了蛋白质稳定性定向进化中的筛选或选择技术，以确保这种联系。为了进行更系统的审查，这些技术的两个主要分支，即细胞或无细胞显示和稳定性生物传感器，将通过提供信息的实例进行阐述。