Abstract Atmospheric phosphorus (P) deposition is an important component for understanding the dynamics of natural and semi-natural ecosystems. However, information about atmospheric P deposition is limited. Here, we show the long-term atmospheric P deposition at three forested sites, a suburban forest (S), rural forest (R1), and northern rural forest (R2) in Japan for 10 years from 2009 to 2018. Approximately 200 samples of bulk precipitation at each site were collected during the study period and total P (TP) was analyzed in addition to major ions. Annual TP deposition at sites S, R1, and R2 was 0.28 ± 0.06, 0.21 ± 0.05, and 0.12 ± 0.04 kg P ha−1 yr−1, respectively, and were large enough to affect P budgets in a forested watershed. Principal component analyses indicated that biogenic sources are the primary contributor to atmospheric P at rural forest sites, whereas anthropogenic sources may have a larger effect on atmospheric P at suburban forest site. Annual TP deposition at site S significantly decreased over the past decade. The significant relationship between annual TP deposition and annual nitrogen deposition at site S indicates that the decrease in TP deposition could be caused by a decrease in anthropogenic emissions.

中文翻译：

---

日本三个林地大气磷沉降十年测定

摘要 大气磷（P）沉积是了解自然和半自然生态系统动态的重要组成部分。然而，关于大气 P 沉积的信息是有限的。在这里，我们展示了从 2009 年到 2018 年 10 年间日本郊区森林 (S)、农村森林 (R1) 和北部农村森林 (R2) 三个森林地点的长期大气 P 沉降。大约 200 个样本在研究期间收集了每个地点的大量降水，除了主要离子外，还分析了总磷 (TP)。站点 S、R1 和 R2 的年度 TP 沉积分别为 0.28 ± 0.06、0.21 ± 0.05 和 0.12 ± 0.04 kg P ha-1 yr-1，并且大到足以影响森林流域的 P 预算。主成分分析表明，生物源是农村林地大气磷的主要贡献者，而人为源对郊区林地大气磷的影响可能更大。在过去十年中，S 站点的年 TP 沉积显着减少。S站点年TP沉积与年氮沉积之间的显着关系表明TP沉积的减少可能是由人为排放的减少引起的。