Metadata from 70 research articles on Cyprinus carpio digestibility published between 1973 and 2017, covering 71 feed ingredients, were analysed. Interquartile range (IR) of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content in feedstuffs was 5–8% and 0.7–1.2% of dry matter, respectively, with digestible N:P 7.2:1–44.1:1. IR of N digestibility (79–99%) was high, whereas IR of P digestibility (27–47%) was rather poor. Dietary energy digestibility (gross energy and non‐protein energy) was >76%. Higher P in feedstuffs caused significant negative interferences for N digestibility. IR of nutrient content in carp faeces was estimated at 0.5–1.7% N and 0.4–0.9% P. Considering the metabolic losses, the carp excreta have an ‘eutrophic’ N:P ratio (2.1:1–5.8:1). Eutrophication potential from feeding seems linked to P digestibility followed by bad protein profile of diets. While brewery wastes, microbial protein and natural prey offer high P digestibility (75–90%), large knowledge gaps still exist in P digestibility of various ingredients. Thermal processing does not always improve P digestibility; acidic pre‐incubation with phytases (optimum: 1500–2000 IU kg⁻¹ feed) is worth exploring. Under semi‐intensive system, digestible ‘supplementary’ nutrients (N: 3.3–4.9%, P: 0.2–0.5%; even lower) can support at least 0.6–1.2 thermal growth coefficient (reasonable growth) and be ecologically relevant. We further considered validity of data within experimental conditions; effects on N/P utilization; non‐faecal losses (IRs 17–59% of N intake; 9–18% of P intake); and controversies over eutrophication. Recent eutrophication of carp fishponds might have been rather ‘management‐driven’ than carp's biological limitations. Ameliorative measures are outlined.

中文翻译：

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以饲料为基础的鲤鱼养殖和富营养化：是否值得关注？

来自鲤鱼的70篇研究文章的元数据分析了1973年至2017年之间发布的涉及71种饲料成分的消化率。饲料中氮（N）和磷（P）的四分位数范围（IR）分别为干物质的5–8％和0.7–1.2％，可消化的N：P 7.2：1–44.1：1。氮消化率的IR（79–99％）高，而磷消化率的IR（27–47％）较差。饮食能量消化率（总能量和非蛋白质能量）> 76％。饲料中较高的磷对氮的消化率产生了显着的负面影响。鲤鱼粪中养分含量的IR估计为0.5–1.7％N和0.4–0.9％P。考虑到代谢损失，鲤鱼排泄物的N：P比为“富营养化”（2.1：1-5.8：1）。饲料中的富营养化潜力似乎与磷的消化率有关，其次是日粮中的蛋白质含量低。啤酒厂浪费的时候 微生物蛋白和天然猎物提供高的P消化率（75–90％），各种成分的P消化率仍然存在较大的知识空白。热处理并不总是能提高磷的消化率。肌醇六磷酸预先孵育（最佳：1500–2000 IU kg^-1 feed）值得探索。在半精养系统中，可消化的“补充”养分（N：3.3–4.9％，P：0.2–0.5％；甚至更低）可以支持至少0.6–1.2的热增长系数（合理的增长），并且与生态相关。我们进一步考虑了实验条件下数据的有效性。对氮磷利用率的影响；非粪便损失（IR占氮摄入量的17–59％； P摄入量的9–18％）；以及关于富营养化的争论。鲤鱼鱼池最近的富营养化可能是“管理驱动”的，而不是鲤鱼的生物学限制。概述了改善措施。