Wheat adaptation can be fine-tuned by Eps genes. Although the effects of Eps genes are often assumed to act independently of the environment, previous studies have shown they exhibit temperature-sensitivity. Number of leaves and phyllochron are considered determinants of flowering time and the numerical components of yield include spikelets per spike and fertile floret number within spikelets. We studied the dynamics of leaf, spikelet and floret development in near isogenic lines with either late or early alleles of Eps-D1 under seven temperature regimes. Leaf appearance dynamics were modulated by temperature, and Eps alleles had a greater effect on the period from flag leaf to heading than phyllochron. In addition, the effects of the Eps alleles on spikelets per spike were minor, and more related to spikelet plastochron than the duration of the early reproductive phase. However, fertile floret number was affected by the interaction between Eps alleles and temperature. So, at 9ºC Eps-early alleles had more fertile florets than Eps-late alleles, at intermediate temperatures there was no significant difference, and at 18ºC (the highest temperature) the effect was reversed with lines carrying the late allele producing more fertile florets. These effects were mediated through changes in floret survival, there were no clear effects on the maximum number of floret primordia.

中文翻译：

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早熟本身×温度相互作用：对小麦叶片、小穗和小花发育的影响。


小麦的适应能力可以通过 Eps 基因进行微调。尽管 Eps 基因的作用通常被认为独立于环境，但之前的研究表明它们表现出温度敏感性。叶子和叶序的数量被认为是开花时间的决定因素，产量的数字组成部分包括每穗的小穗数和小穗内的可育小花数。我们研究了具有 Eps-D1 晚期或早期等位基因的近等基因系在七种温度条件下叶片、小穗和小花发育的动态。叶片外观动态受温度调节，Eps 等位基因对旗叶至抽穗期的影响大于叶序。此外，Eps 等位基因对每个穗的小穗的影响较小，并且与小穗质体时间的相关性大于早期繁殖阶段的持续时间。然而，可育小花数量受到 Eps 等位基因和温度之间相互作用的影响。因此，在 9°C Eps-early 等位基因比 Eps-late 等位基因具有更多可育小花，在中间温度下没有显着差异，而在 18°C（最高温度）时，效果相反，携带晚等位基因的品系产生更多可育小花。这些影响是通过小花存活的变化来介导的，对小花原基的最大数量没有明显的影响。