Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are emerging as a major issue in an aging society. Although extensive research has focused on the development of CNS drugs, the limited transport of therapeutic agents across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a major challenge. Conventional two-dimensional culture dishes do not recapitulate in vivo physiology and real-time observations of molecular transport are not possible in animal models. Recent advances in engineering techniques have enabled the generation of more physiologically relevant in vitro BBB models, and their applications have expanded from fundamental biological research to practical applications in the pharmaceutical industry. In this article, we provide an overview of recent advances in the development of in vitro BBB models, with a particular focus on the recapitulation of BBB function. The development of biomimetic BBB models is postulated to revolutionize not only fundamental biological studies but also drug screening.

中文翻译：

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概述生理和血脑屏障功能的微生理系统。

在老龄化社会中，中枢神经系统疾病正在成为一个主要问题。尽管广泛的研究集中在中枢神经系统药物的开发上，但是治疗剂跨血脑屏障（BBB）的有限运输仍然是一个重大挑战。常规的二维培养皿不能概括体内的生理学，并且在动物模型中不可能实时观察分子的运输。工程技术的最新进展使得能够生成更具生理相关性的体外BBB模型，并且它们的应用已从基础生物学研究扩展到了制药行业的实际应用。在本文中，我们概述了体外BBB模型开发的最新进展，特别着重于BBB功能的概述。