Biosafety of digestate remains one of the major concerns for anaerobic digestion, which affects the downstream management and may determine the success of anaerobic digestion. Inactivation of pathogens during anaerobic digestion has been reported by various studies, but most of them focus on single specific pathogen and/or operation condition, with the overall pictures absent. In this review, a systematic analysis was conducted to assess the effects of different factors on the inactivation of various pathogens during anaerobic digestion, including pathogen types, resistance mechanisms, operation conditions, intermediate products and kinetic models. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the significant influencing factors based on 141 published studies. The results indicated that pathogen types, temperatures and operation modes affected inactivation efficiencies significantly (P < 0.01). The resistances of pathogens are in the order of spore forming Gram-positive bacteria > non-spore forming Gram-positive bacteria > nematode ≥ Gram negative bacteria ≥ viruses. Thermophilic temperature can inactivate most pathogens effectively, with ambient and mesophilic temperatures not effective. Intermediate products, e.g. volatile fatty acids (VFAs)/ammonia, can contribute to the inactivation of pathogens, and dry anaerobic digestion might be a promising strategy due to the accumulation of VFAs/ammonia. Analysis on eleven commonly used kinetic models showed that Weibull, log-logistic and biphasic models were preferable for simulating the inactivation of most pathogens. Operation conditions of anaerobic digestion need to be optimised for mutually benefiting energy recovery, pathogen inactivation, economic feasibility and biowaste stabilization.

消化液的生物安全性仍然是厌氧消化的主要问题之一，它影响下游管理，并可能决定厌氧消化的成功。各种研究已经报道了厌氧消化过程中病原体的失活，但是大多数研究都集中在单一的特定病原体和/或操作条件上，而没有整体图景。在这篇综述中，进行了系统分析以评估不同因素对厌氧消化过程中各种病原体灭活的影响，包括病原体类型，抗性机制，操作条件，中间产物和动力学模型。根据141项已发表的研究进行了统计分析，以确定重要的影响因素。结果表明，病原体类型，温度和操作模式对灭活效率有显着影响（P <0.01）。病原体的抗性依次为：芽孢形成革兰氏阳性细菌>非孢子形成革兰氏阳性细菌>线虫≥革兰氏阴性细菌≥病毒。高温温度可以有效地灭活大多数病原体，而环境温度和中温温度则无效。中间产物，例如挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）/氨，可能导致病原体失活，由于VFA /氨的积累，干式厌氧消化可能是一种有前途的策略。对11种常用动力学模型的分析表明，对于模拟大多数病原体的灭活，Weibull模型，对数逻辑模型和双相模型是更可取的。