Safe storage of nitrocellulose-based propellants has become challenging due to their requirements of extreme storage and operational environments. Thus, developing new high-performance stabilizers is urgently needed to improve the stability of propellants. With their excellent thermal stability and strong ability to clear free radicals, fullerene stabilizers for nitrocellulose-based propellants were synthesized using the Prato reaction. Their molecular structures were confirmed by ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, FT-IR, UV–Vis, HRMS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Their compatibility and stability in nitrocellulose were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, methyl-violet, vacuum stability, and weight loss tests. Results indicated that the new fullerene stabilizers had excellent compatibility with nitrocellulose and their stability were better than the conventional stabilizers C2 and DPA. Moreover, their stability mechanism was investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and FT-IR analysis. The results turned out that new fullerene stabilizers could absorb nitrogen oxides and effectively eliminate the nitroxyl radicals released from nitrocellulose decomposition. Therefore, these new multifunctional fullerene derivatives can be used as novel stabilizers and apply to single and double base propellants.

基于硝化纤维的推进剂的安全储存由于其对极端储存和操作环境的要求而变得具有挑战性。因此，迫切需要开发新型高性能稳定剂以改善推进剂的稳定性。由于具有出色的热稳定性和强大的清除自由基的能力，使用Prato反应合成了用于硝化纤维基推进剂的富勒烯稳定剂。其分子结构通过¹ H NMR确证，¹³C NMR，FT-IR，UV-Vis，HRMS和单晶X射线衍射。使用差示扫描量热法，甲基紫，真空稳定性和失重测试研究了它们在硝酸纤维素中的相容性和稳定性。结果表明，新型富勒烯稳定剂与硝化纤维素具有优异的相容性，其稳定性优于常规稳定剂C2和DPA。此外，通过电子顺磁共振光谱和FT-IR分析研究了它们的稳定性机理。结果表明，新型富勒烯稳定剂可以吸收氮氧化物并有效消除硝化纤维素分解释放的硝氧基自由基。因此，这些新的多功能富勒烯衍生物可用作新型稳定剂，并适用于单碱和双碱推进剂。