BACKGROUND Primary central sleep apnea (PCSA) is believed to be rare and data regarding its prevalence and long-term outcomes are sparse. We used the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) resources to identify all Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents with an incident diagnosis of PCSA and their clinical outcomes. METHODS We searched the REP database for all residents with polysomnography (PSG)-confirmed diagnoses of central sleep apnea (CSA) between 2007 and 2015. From these, we reviewed the PSGs and medical records to find those who had PCSA based upon accepted diagnostic criteria. Data based on detailed review of the medical records, including all clinical notes and tests were recorded for analysis. RESULTS Of 650 patients identified with CSA, 25 (3.8%; 23 male) had PCSA, which was severe in most patients (n = 16, 64%). Of those, 23 (92%) patients were prescribed and 18/23 (78.2%) adherent to positive airway pressure therapy. Median duration of follow-up was 4.4 years (IQR:4.2). Four (16%) patients were subsequently diagnosed with cardiac arrhythmias, one (4%) with unstable angina, two (8%) with heart failure, five (20%) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia and two (8%) with depression. Six (25%) patients died (median time to death = 5 years; IQR:4.8), three of whom had Lewy body dementia. CONCLUSIONS In this population-based study, PCSA was rare and when present, was severe in a majority of patients. The mortality rate was high. Most frequently observed disorders during follow-up were mild cognitive impairment (MCI)/dementia followed by cardiac arrhythmias; it is possible that these entities were present and not recognized prior to the diagnosis of PCSA.

中文翻译：

---

基于人群的研究中原发性中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停的频率和结果。

背景原发性中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停 (PCSA) 被认为是罕见的，并且关于其患病率和长期结果的数据很少。我们使用罗切斯特流行病学项目 (REP) 资源来确定明尼苏达州奥姆斯特德县所有被诊断为 PCSA 的居民及其临床结果。方法 我们在 REP 数据库中搜索了 2007 年至 2015 年间所有通过多导睡眠图 (PSG) 确诊为中枢性睡眠呼吸暂停 (CSA) 的居民。我们从这些数据中审查了 PSG 和医疗记录，以根据公认的诊断标准找到患有 PCSA 的患者. 数据基于对医疗记录的详细审查，包括所有临床记录和测试，都被记录下来用于分析。结果 在 650 名确诊为 CSA 的患者中，25 名（3.8%；23 名男性）患有 PCSA，这在大多数患者中很严重（n = 16，64%）。那些，23 名 (92%) 患者接受了处方，18/23 (78.2%) 名患者坚持气道正压通气治疗。中位随访时间为 4.4 年 (IQR:4.2)。四名 (16%) 患者随后被诊断出心律失常，一名 (4%) 患有不稳定型心绞痛，两名 (8%) 患有心力衰竭，五名 (20%) 患有轻度认知障碍 (MCI)/痴呆，两名 (8%) ) 抑郁症。六名 (25%) 患者死亡（中位死亡时间 = 5 年；IQR：4.8），其中三名患有路易体痴呆。结论 在这项基于人群的研究中，PCSA 很少见，即使出现，在大多数患者中也很严重。死亡率很高。随访期间最常观察到的疾病是轻度认知障碍（MCI）/痴呆，其次是心律失常；有可能这些实体在 PCSA 诊断之前就已存在但未被识别。