Synthetic nanoparticles are extensively utilized in various biomedical engineering fields because of their unique physicochemical properties. However, their exogenous characteristics result in synthetic nanosystem invaders that easily induce the passive immune clearance mechanism, thereby increasing the retention effect caused by reticuloendothelial system (RES), resulting in low therapeutic efficacy and toxic effects. Recently, a cell membrane cloaking has been emerging technique as a novel interfacing approach from the biological/immunological perspective. This has been considered as useful technique for improving the performance of synthetic nanocarriers in vivo. By cell membrane cloaking, nanoparticles acquire the biological functions of natural cell membranes due to the presence of membrane-anchored proteins, antigens, and immunological moieties as well as physicochemical property of natural cell membrane. Due to cell membrane cloaking, the derived biological properties and functions of nanoparticles such as their immunosuppressive capability, long circulation time, and disease targeting ability have enhanced their future potential in biomedicine. Here, we review the cell membrane-cloaked nanosystems, highlight their novelty, introduce the preparation and characterization methods with relevant biomedical applications, and describe the prospects for using this novel biomimetic system that was developed from a combination of cell membranes and synthetic nanomaterials.

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用于治疗应用的细胞膜隐形纳米粒子的最新趋势

合成纳米粒子因其独特的物理化学性质而被广泛应用于各种生物医学工程领域。然而，它们的外源特性导致合成纳米系统入侵者容易诱导被动免疫清除机制，从而增加网状内皮系统（RES）引起的滞留效应，导致治疗效果低下和毒性作用。最近，从生物/免疫学的角度来看，细胞膜隐形技术作为一种新的接口方法已经成为新兴技术。这被认为是提高合成纳米载体在体内性能的有用技术。由于存在膜锚定蛋白、抗原、和免疫部分以及天然细胞膜的理化特性。由于细胞膜的隐蔽性，纳米粒子的衍生生物学特性和功能，如免疫抑制能力、长循环时间和疾病靶向能力，增强了它们在生物医学中的未来潜力。在这里，我们回顾了细胞膜隐形纳米系统，突出了它们的新颖性，介绍了相关生物医学应用的制备和表征方法，并描述了使用这种由细胞膜和合成纳米材料组合开发的新型仿生系统的前景。纳米粒子的衍生生物学特性和功能，例如其免疫抑制能力、长循环时间和疾病靶向能力，增强了它们在生物医学中的未来潜力。在这里，我们回顾了细胞膜隐形纳米系统，突出了它们的新颖性，介绍了相关生物医学应用的制备和表征方法，并描述了使用这种由细胞膜和合成纳米材料组合开发的新型仿生系统的前景。纳米粒子的衍生生物学特性和功能，例如其免疫抑制能力、长循环时间和疾病靶向能力，增强了它们在生物医学中的未来潜力。在这里，我们回顾了细胞膜隐形纳米系统，突出了它们的新颖性，介绍了相关生物医学应用的制备和表征方法，并描述了使用这种由细胞膜和合成纳米材料组合开发的新型仿生系统的前景。