Background

Mycotoxins exposure from foodstuffs can trigger serious health hazards (e.g. cancers, deformity and mutation), which has been a global public health concern.

In recent years, large-scale poisoning incidents and international trade disputes caused by fungal contamination are extremely common. Unremitting efforts have been devoted to the investigations on classification, toxicity and occurrence of mycotoxins. Monitoring mycotoxins is highly important to ensure human health. Pretreatment technologies offer a pre-analytical separation process for reducing the instruments contamination, signal interference and matrix effects of complex foodstuffs.

Scope and approach

In this review, the classification, toxicity and occurrence of mycotoxins were concisely summarized. We then concentrated our attentions on the methods of extraction, clean-up, separation and determination of mycotoxins. Especially, the rapid development of nanotechnology has brought many opportunities for sample pretreatment. We have also summarized the available and advanced adsorbents based on the emerging nanomaterials for pretreatment of mycotoxins in foodstuffs. At the end of the article, future opportunities and challenges in the field of mycotoxins research are tentatively proposed.

Key Findings and Conclusions: This review comprehensively summarized the latest achievements and improvements in the classification, toxicity, occurrence and detection approaches of mycotoxins. Impressively, the sample pretreatment and detection methods applied for mycotoxins determination in foodstuffs have been summarized, regarding the novel nanomaterial-based pretreatment technologies as well as the development of chromatographic and sensing technologies in the last six years. Furthermore, the current trends and the future perspectives in the toxicity and detection method of mycotoxins are tentatively proposed.

中文翻译：

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食品中真菌毒素的毒性及其测定方法的最新进展

背景

食品中的霉菌毒素暴露会引发严重的健康危害（例如，癌症，畸形和突变），这已成为全球公共卫生关注的问题。

近年来，由真菌污染引起的大规模中毒事件和国际贸易争端极为普遍。对于霉菌毒素的分类，毒性和发生的研究一直不懈地努力。监测霉菌毒素对于确保人类健康非常重要。预处理技术提供了一种分析前的分离过程，以减少仪器污染，复杂食品的信号干扰和基质效应。

范围和方法

在这篇综述中，简明总结了真菌毒素的分类，毒性和发生情况。然后，我们将注意力集中在真菌毒素的提取，纯化，分离和测定方法上。特别是，纳米技术的飞速发展为样品预处理带来了许多机会。我们还总结了基于新兴纳米材料的可用和高级吸附剂，用于食品中霉菌毒素的预处理。在文章的最后，尝试性地提出了霉菌毒素研究领域的未来机遇和挑战。

主要发现和结论：本综述全面总结了真菌毒素的分类，毒性，发生和检测方法的最新成就和改进。令人印象深刻的是，总结了用于食品中霉菌毒素测定的样品前处理和检测方法，其中涉及基于纳米材料的新型前处理技术以及最近六年色谱和传感技术的发展。此外，初步提出了霉菌毒素的毒性和检测方法的当前趋势和未来展望。