New procedures for phthalate mixture risk assessments (MRAs) focused on male developmental toxicity (anti-androgenicity) are overdue. Previous efforts suffer from several shortcomings: There is a lack of consistency in terms of the phthalates entered into the assessments, and in the choice of tolerable intakes. Many of these values do not reflect new evidence about low dose male developmental effects. Nearly all previous mixture risk assessments have focused solely on phthalates, with no regard for exposures to other chemicals that also induce male developmental toxicity, leading to underestimations of risks. Here, we address these weaknesses and inconsistencies by proposing criteria for the selection of phthalates for MRA based on structure-activity relationships. We suggest new reference doses for phthalates for use in MRA, as follows: DBP 6.7 μg/kg/d, DIBP 100 μg/kg/d, BBP 10 μg/kg/d, DEHP 10 μg/kg/d, DINP 59 μg/kg/d. We conclude that the fixation on the Hazard Index (HI) = 1 as signalling acceptable combined phthalate exposures is misguided as it ignores co-exposure to other anti-androgenic chemicals that also contribute to male developmental risks. Until more comprehensive assessments of phthalates in combination with other anti-androgens become feasible, we propose the use of a HI of 0.1–0.2 as a benchmark for interpreting phthalate mixture risk assessments.

侧重于男性发育毒性（抗雄激素性）的邻苯二甲酸盐混合物风险评估（MRA）的新程序已经过期。以前的努力有几个缺点：进入评估的邻苯二甲酸盐和可容许摄入量的选择方面缺乏一致性。这些值中的许多值并未反映出有关低剂量雄性发育效应的新证据。几乎以前所有的混合物风险评估都只集中在邻苯二甲酸盐上，而没有考虑到其他化学物质的暴露也会导致男性发育毒性，从而导致对风险的低估。在这里，我们通过提出基于结构-活性关系为MRA选择邻苯二甲酸盐的标准，来解决这些弱点和矛盾之处。我们建议用于MRA的邻苯二甲酸盐的新参考剂量如下：DBP 6。7μg/ kg / d，DIBP 100μg/ kg / d，BBP 10μg/ kg / d，DEHP 10μg/ kg / d，DINP 59μg/ kg / d。我们得出的结论是，将危险指数（HI）固定为1是因为可以接受可接受的邻苯二甲酸酯类综合暴露信号，因此被误导了，因为它忽略了与其他也会引起男性发育风险的抗雄激素化学物质共同暴露的情况。在对邻苯二甲酸盐与其他抗雄激素组合进行更全面的评估变得可行之前，我们建议使用0.1-0.2的HI作为解释邻苯二甲酸盐混合物风险评估的基准。