The aim of this study was to evaluate, during the first 4 wk of life, the involution of umbilical structures in clinically healthy calves and in calves affected by umbilical disorders, in both B-mode and color Doppler ultrasonography. The present study was carried out on 63 Holstein Friesian calves, divided into 3 different groups: group H (clinically healthy, n = 17), group A, (affected by omphaloarteritis, n = 24), and group V (affected by omphalophlebitis, n = 22). B-mode ultrasonography was performed at weekly intervals, using a portable device (LOGIQ Book XP, GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, UK) and a linear multifrequency 7 to 10 MHz probe. In addition to the ultrasound examinations, the umbilicus of the calves was also evaluated using a color Doppler. The extra-abdominal as well as the intra-abdominal hemodynamics within the umbilical structures were evaluated using 3 different ranges of speed-flow detections (23, 14, and 7 cm/s). In healthy calves, as the age increased, the umbilical structures decreased in size and their ultrasonographic identification became more difficult. Conversely, in affected calves the umbilical structures did not show the same progressive reduction of external diameters and areas, but had an irregular trend of regression. Also the color Doppler ultrasonography showed a significant difference in frequency and percentage of speed-flow in the early days of examination between the 3 groups, with the most reliable results detected from the umbilical arteries. In our experimental study, omphaloarteritis could be detected at the d 1 color Doppler exam, with a 100% specificity and a 100% positive predictive value.

中文翻译：

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超声检查荷斯坦犊牛的脐带结构：健康犊牛和受脐带疾病影响的犊牛之间的比较。

这项研究的目的是在B型和彩色多普勒超声检查中评估生命的前4周内临床健康小牛和受脐带疾病影响的小牛的脐带结构的对合。本研究是对63头荷斯坦弗里斯牛犊进行的，分为3个不同的组：H组（临床健康，n = 17），A组（受到眼睑动脉炎的影响，n = 24）和V组（受眼睑炎的影响， n = 22）。每周间隔使用便携式设备（LOGIQ Book XP，GE Healthcare，Little Chalfont，英国）和线性多频7至10 MHz探头进行B型超声检查。除超声检查外，还使用彩色多普勒仪对小腿的脐带进行了评估。使用3种不同的流速检测范围（23、14和7 cm / s）评估脐带结构内的腹外和腹内血流动力学。在健康的犊牛中，随着年龄的增长，脐带结构的大小减小，其超声检查变得更加困难。相反，在患病的犊牛中，脐带结构没有显示出相同的逐渐减小的外径和面积，但是具有不规则的回归趋势。此外，彩色多普勒超声检查显示，三组之间在检查的早期频率和速度流百分比存在显着差异，从脐动脉中检测出最可靠的结果。在我们的实验研究中，可以在d 1彩色多普勒检查中检测到眼睑动脉炎，