Food allergy is a serious food safety problem worldwide, and the investigation of food allergens is the foundation of preventing and treating them, but relevant knowledge is far from sufficient. With the advent of the “big data era”, it has been possible to investigate food allergens by high-throughput methods, proposing the concept of allergomics. Allergomics is the discipline studying the repertoire of allergens, which has relatively higher throughput and is faster and more sensitive than conventional methods. This review introduces the basis of allergomics and summarizes its major strategies and applications. Particularly, strategies based on immunoblotting, phage display, allergen microarray, and bioinformatics are reviewed in detail, and the advantages and limitations of each strategy are discussed. Finally, further development of allergomics is predicted. This provides basic theories and recent advances in food allergomics research, which could be insightful for both food allergy research and practical applications.

食物过敏是全球范围内严重的食品安全问题，对食物过敏原的调查是预防和治疗食物过敏原的基础，但相关知识还远远不够。随着“大数据时代”的到来，已经可以通过高通量方法研究食物过敏原，提出了变应原学的概念。过敏原学是研究过敏原库的学科，与常规方法相比，它具有相对较高的通量，更快，更敏感。这篇综述介绍了变应原学的基础，并总结了其主要策略和应用。特别是，详细回顾了基于免疫印迹，噬菌体展示，过敏原微阵列和生物信息学的策略，并讨论了每种策略的优点和局限性。最后，预计变应性药物的进一步发展。这提供了食品过敏学研究的基础理论和最新进展，对于食品过敏研究和实际应用都可能具有深刻的见解。