Despite facilitating transport by low‐volume roads for multiple purposes, these roads also open corridors to the remote pristine forests and accelerate forest dynamics with deleterious consequences to the forest functionalities and indigenous inhabitants. We assessed the spatial variations of Hyrcanian forest loss, fragmentation, and degradation resulting from the expansion of rural, logging, and mine roads between 1966 and 2016 in northeast Iran. Various data were employed to generate a precise road network; the density of road segments was weighted on the basis of their carrying capacity during 1966–1986, 1986–2000, and 2000–2016. Three dimensions of forest changes were retrieved using the Landsat time‐series and object‐based image analysis. The spatial patterns of high rates of forest changes were clustered using spatial autocorrelation indicators. The spatial regression models were carried out to explore relationships between forest change and road expansion. The results showed that rural roads were upgraded but forest and mine roads remarkably expanded in recent decades. The spatial variations of forest‐dynamic patterns have been changing from forest loss (1966–2000) to forest fragmentation and degradation (1986–2016). The high density of rural roads was significant on the high rates of forest loss and fragmentation during 1966–2000, and the expansion of forest and mine roads significantly intensified the rates of fragmentation and degradation during 1986–2016. Our findings suggest for mitigating destructive schemes over Hyrcanian forests, developing either protected areas or joining unprotected forests to the reserved areas should be prioritized.

中文翻译：

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一种新的分析方法，可使用Landsat时间序列和基于对象的图像分析来分析由于路网扩展而造成的森林损失，破碎和退化的长期变化

尽管通过小容量道路为多种目的提供了便利，但这些道路还为通往偏远原始森林开辟了走廊，并加速了森林动态，对森林功能和土著居民产生了有害影响。我们评估了1966年至2016年伊朗东北部农村，伐木场和矿山路的扩张所导致的Hyrcanian森林流失，破碎和退化的空间变化。使用各种数据来生成精确的道路网络；道路段的密度根据其在1966-1986年，1986-2000年和2000-2016年期间的承载能力加权。使用Landsat时间序列和基于对象的图像分析，检索了森林变化的三个维度。使用空间自相关指标对高森林变化率的空间格局进行聚类。进行了空间回归模型以探索森林变化与道路扩展之间的关系。结果表明，近几十年来，农村公路得到了升级，但森林和矿山道路却显着扩大。森林动力模式的空间变化已经从森林流失（1966-2000年）变为森林破碎化和退化（1986-2016年）。1966-2000年间，农村公路的高密度对森林流失和碎片化的高发生率起着重要作用，而森林和矿山公路的扩建极大地加剧了1986-2016年间的碎片化和退化的速度。我们的研究结果表明，可以减轻对Hyrcanian森林的破坏性计划，