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Design and application of oncolytic viruses for cancer immunotherapy.
Current Opinion in Biotechnology ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.11.016 Erkko Ylösmäki 1 , Vincenzo Cerullo 1
Current Opinion in Biotechnology ( IF 7.1 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-21 , DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2019.11.016 Erkko Ylösmäki 1 , Vincenzo Cerullo 1
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The approval of the first oncolytic virus (OV) for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and the recent discovery that the use of oncolytic viruses may enhance cancer immunotherapies targeted against various immune checkpoint proteins have attracted great interest in the field of cancer virotherapy. OVs are designed to target and kill cancer cells leaving normal cell unharmed. OV infection and concomitant cancer cell killing stimulate anti-tumour immunity and modulates tumour microenvironment towards less immunosuppressive phenotype. The intrinsic capacity of OVs to turn immunologically cold tumours into immunologically hot tumours, and to increase immune cell and cytokine infiltration, can be further enhanced by arming OVs with transgenes that increase their immunostimulatory activities and direct immune responses specifically towards cancer cells. These OVs, specifically engineered to be used as cancer immunotherapeutics, can be synergized with other immune modulators or cytotoxic agents to achieve the most potent immunotherapy for cancer.
中文翻译：
用于癌症免疫治疗的溶瘤病毒的设计和应用。
第一种溶瘤病毒（OV）用于治疗转移性黑色素瘤的批准以及最近发现溶瘤病毒可以增强针对各种免疫检查点蛋白的癌症免疫疗法的发现，在癌症病毒治疗领域引起了极大的兴趣。OVs被设计用来靶向和杀死癌细胞，而正常细胞不会受到伤害。OV感染和伴随的癌细胞杀伤刺激抗肿瘤免疫力，并调节肿瘤微环境，使其免疫抑制表型降低。OVs通过将增强其免疫刺激活性并直接针对癌细胞的免疫应答的转基因武装起来，可以进一步增强OVs将免疫冷的肿瘤转变为免疫热肿瘤以及增加免疫细胞和细胞因子浸润的内在能力。
更新日期：2020-04-20
中文翻译：
用于癌症免疫治疗的溶瘤病毒的设计和应用。
第一种溶瘤病毒（OV）用于治疗转移性黑色素瘤的批准以及最近发现溶瘤病毒可以增强针对各种免疫检查点蛋白的癌症免疫疗法的发现，在癌症病毒治疗领域引起了极大的兴趣。OVs被设计用来靶向和杀死癌细胞，而正常细胞不会受到伤害。OV感染和伴随的癌细胞杀伤刺激抗肿瘤免疫力，并调节肿瘤微环境，使其免疫抑制表型降低。OVs通过将增强其免疫刺激活性并直接针对癌细胞的免疫应答的转基因武装起来，可以进一步增强OVs将免疫冷的肿瘤转变为免疫热肿瘤以及增加免疫细胞和细胞因子浸润的内在能力。
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