Salinity has drastic effects on plant growth and productivity and is one of the major factors responsible for crop yield losses throughout the agricultural soils of the world. The mechanisms of salinity tolerance in plants are regulated by a set of inherent multigenes and prevalent environmental factors, which bring about a myriad of metabolic changes in each plant part. The stress-induced metabolic changes in the rice plant have been intensively studied, but extensively in plant parts such as stem, leaf, and root. However, little information exists in the literature about such stress-induced architectural and physiological changes in rice grain, a premier staple food of a large proportion of human population. Thus, the current review comprehensively describes the effects of salinity stress on rice grain composition including changes in carbohydrate, protein, fat, and mineral contents. Elucidation of salinity induced changes in rice grain composition would help to understand whether or not a nutritious and healthy staple food is available to human population from rice grown under saline environments.

中文翻译：

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盐胁迫诱导水稻籽粒组成和品质的理化变化

盐分对植物生长和生产力有巨大影响，并且是造成全世界农业土壤作物产量损失的主要因素之一。植物耐盐性机制受一组固有的多基因和普遍的环境因素的调控，这些因素导致植物各部分发生无数的代谢变化。水稻植株中胁迫诱导的代谢变化已得到深入研究，但在茎、叶和根等植物部分进行了广泛研究。然而，文献中关于稻谷这种压力引起的结构和生理变化的信息很少，稻谷是大部分人口的主要主食。因此，目前的综述全面描述了盐分胁迫对水稻籽粒组成的影响，包括碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪和矿物质含量的变化。阐明盐分引起的稻米组成变化将有助于了解人类是否可以从盐碱环境下种植的稻米中获得营养健康的主食。