The detection of vehicle presence in parking slots is a fundamental part of smart parking systems. The problem is commonly approached with devices composed of specific sensors, which usually are either magnetic or infrared. The sensor is continuously sampled by an onboard microcontroller capable of determining the slot status (available or occupied) and sending the information to a central collection and gathering system by means of a wireless technology. Nevertheless, cost and power consumption are still an issue. Based on the consideration that the vehicle slot status is only a single bit of information, in this article an alternative low-power and cost-effective approach is proposed. Specifically, two novel vehicle presence detectors, one battery-powered and based on 868 MHz LoRa technology and one solar-cell-powered and adopting BAP 866 MHz UHF RFID technology, are presented, designed, realized, and tested. The obtained results demonstrate the appropriateness of the proposed approach since the same functionalities of conventional devices at lower cost and lower consumption are reached.

中文翻译：

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在场证明：新型车辆检测系统

智能停车系统的基本组成部分是检测停车位中的车辆是否存在。通常使用由特定传感器组成的设备来解决该问题，这些传感器通常是磁性或红外线的。传感器由板载微控制器连续采样，该微控制器能够确定插槽状态（可用或已占用），并通过无线技术将信息发送到中央收集和收集系统。尽管如此，成本和功耗仍然是一个问题。基于车辆空位状态仅是一小部分信息的考虑，本文提出了一种替代的低功耗且经济高效的方法。具体来说，是两个新颖的车辆存在检测器，提出，设计，实现和测试了一种电池供电的，基于868 MHz LoRa技术的技术和一种太阳能电池供电的，采用BAP 866 MHz UHF RFID技术的技术。获得的结果证明了所提出的方法的适当性，因为以较低的成本和较低的消耗实现了常规设备的相同功能。