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Quasi-experimentally examining the impact of introducing tobacco pictorial health warnings: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) 4C and Netherlands surveys in the Netherlands, Australia, Canada, United Kingdom, and the United States.
Drug and Alcohol Dependence ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107818
Dirk-Jan A van Mourik 1 , Gera E Nagelhout 2 , Hein de Vries 1 , Bas van den Putte 3 , K Michael Cummings 4 , Ron Borland 5 , Geoffrey T Fong 6 , Marc C Willemsen 7
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Our study evaluated the short-term impact of introducing European Union's tobacco pictorial health warnings (PHWs). METHODS Longitudinal data were collected at two time-points from adult smokers, participating in the International Tobacco Control (ITC) surveys, conducted in the Netherlands, Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States. In the Netherlands, textual health warnings (THWs) were replaced by PHWs between both time-points. Health warning policies did not change in the other countries. Data from continuing smokers were used (N = 3,487) and analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations. RESULTS Between both time-points, only Dutch smokers showed increases in noticing health warnings (β = 0.712, p < 0.001), self-reports of health warnings leading to a cognitive response such as thinking about smoking health-risks (SHRs) (OR = 1.834, p < 0.001), knowledge about SHRs (β = 0.369, p < 0.001), and avoiding health warnings (OR = 9.869, p < 0.001). However, Dutch smokers showed no changes in attitude towards smoking (β = 0.035, p = 0.518), intention to quit smoking (OR = 0.791, p = 0.157), self-efficacy to quit smoking (β=-0.072, p = 0.286), or reporting that health warnings helped them to resist having a cigarette (OR = 1.091, p = 0.714). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that introducing the European PHWs was effective in provoking changes closely related to health warnings, but there was no direct impact on variables more closely related to smoking cessation.

中文翻译:


准实验研究引入烟草图片健康警语的影响:国际烟草控制 (ITC) 4C 和荷兰在荷兰、澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和美国的调查结果。



背景 我们的研究评估了引入欧盟烟草图片健康警语 (PHW) 的短期影响。方法 从参加在荷兰、澳大利亚、加拿大、英国和美国进行的国际烟草控制 (ITC) 调查的成年吸烟者中的两个时间点收集纵向数据。在荷兰,两个时间点之间的文本健康警告 (THW) 均被 PHW 取代。其他国家的健康警告政策没有改变。使用来自持续吸烟者的数据(N = 3,487)并使用广义估计方程进行分析。结果 在两个时间点之间,只有荷兰吸烟者表现出注意到健康警告的程度有所增加(β = 0.712,p < 0.001),健康警告的自我报告导致认知反应,例如思考吸烟健康风险(SHR)( OR = 1.834,p < 0.001)、有关 SHR 的知识(β = 0.369,p < 0.001)以及避免健康警告(OR = 9.869,p < 0.001)。然而,荷兰吸烟者对吸烟的态度(β=0.035,p=0.518)、戒烟意向(OR=0.791,p=0.157)、戒烟自我效能(β=-0.072,p=0.286)没有表现出变化。 ),或报告健康警语帮助他们抵制吸烟(OR = 1.091,p = 0.714)。结论 结果表明,引入欧洲公共卫生工作者可有效引发与健康警语密切相关的变化,但对与戒烟更密切相关的变量没有直接影响。
更新日期:2019-12-23
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