BACKGROUND Cannabis legalization at the US state level may have implications for cross-border purchases and diversion of legal products. The current study examined the association between out-of-state purchases and 1) cannabis regulations; and 2) the length of time a state has had recreational retail sales. METHODS Data come from US respondents who participated in Wave 1 of the International Cannabis Policy Study (ICPS), conducted in August-October 2018. Respondents were aged 16-65 years who had used cannabis in the past 12 months (n = 4320). Respondents were recruited using the Nielsen Consumer Insights Global Panel. Binary logistic regression models examined likelihood of any out-of-state cannabis purchases in the prior year, including differences by cannabis regulations, and time since recreational cannabis retail sales began. RESULTS Overall, 15.0 % of US cannabis users had made any out-of-state cannabis purchases in the past 12 months. Respondents in states where recreational cannabis was legal were less likely to make any out-of-state purchases than respondents in states where only medical cannabis was legal (AOR = 0.45, 95 % CI: 0.34-0.60, p < 0.001) and where all cannabis was prohibited (AOR = 0.36, 95 % CI: 0.26-0.50, p < 0.001). Among respondents in 'legal' states, a longer history of legal sales was associated with a lower likelihood of out-of-state cannabis purchases (AOR = 0.82, 95 % CI: 0.72-0.93, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION The findings demonstrate that consumers in states where recreational cannabis is legal were less likely to purchase cannabis out-of-state than consumers in states where recreational cannabis is not legal. Future research should examine which states people travel to purchase cannabis and why.

中文翻译：

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在美国以外州购买大麻。

背景技术美国州一级的大麻合法化可能对跨境购买和合法产品的转移产生影响。当前的研究检查了州外购买与1）大麻法规之间的关联。2）一个州进行休闲零售的时间长度。方法数据来自参加了2018年8月至10月进行的国际大麻政策研究（ICPS）第一轮研究的美国受访者。受访者年龄在16至65岁之间，过去12个月内曾使用大麻（n = 4320）。受访者是使用Nielsen消费者洞察全球专家小组招募的。二元逻辑回归模型检查了上一年任何州外大麻采购的可能性，包括大麻法规的差异以及休闲性大麻零售开始以来的时间。结果总体而言，在过去12个月中，有15.0％的美国大麻使用者购买了州外大麻。与仅医疗大麻合法的州（AOR = 0.45，95％CI：0.34-0.60，p <0.001）以及所有州的所有州相比，娱乐性大麻合法的州的受访者进行州外购买的可能性较小禁止使用大麻（AOR = 0.36，95％CI：0.26-0.50，p <0.001）。在“合法”州的受访者中，合法销售的历史较长与州外大麻购买的可能性较低相关（AOR = 0.82，95％CI：0.72-0.93，p = 0.002）。结论研究结果表明，与休闲大麻不合法的州相比，休闲大麻合法的州的消费者在州外购买大麻的可能性较小。