Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are at increased risk of infections and related worsening of neurological function. Influenza infection has been associated with increased risk of various neurological complications. We conducted a population-based registry study to investigate the risk of acute hospitalization of MS patients in relation to influenza infection or pandemic vaccination in Norway. The entire Norwegian population in the years 2008-2014 was defined as our study population (N = 5,219,296). Information on MS diagnosis, influenza infection and vaccination were provided by Norwegian national registries. The self-controlled case series method was used to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) in defined risk periods. 6755 MS patients were identified during the study period. Average age at first registration of an MS diagnosis was 51.8 years among men and 49.9 years among females (66.9%). The IRR for emergency hospitalization among MS patients the first week after an influenza diagnosis was 3.4 (95% CI 2.4-4.8). The IRR was 5.6 (95% CI 2.7-11.3) after pandemic influenza, and 4.8 (95% CI 3.1-7.4) after seasonal influenza. Pandemic vaccination did not influence risk of hospitalization [IRR within the first week: 0.7 (95% CI 0.5-1.0)]. Among MS patients, influenza infection was associated with increased risk for acute hospitalization while no increased risk was observed after pandemic vaccination. Influenza vaccination could prevent worsening of MS-related symptoms as well as risk of hospitalization.

中文翻译：

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多发性硬化症患者的流感感染和大流行疫苗接种后的住院治疗：来自挪威的一项基于全国人群的登记研究。

多发性硬化症（MS）患者感染风险增加，并且神经功能恶化。流感感染与各种神经系统并发症的风险增加有关。我们进行了一项基于人群的注册表研究，以调查与挪威的流感感染或大流行疫苗接种相关的MS患者急性住院的风险。将2008-2014年的整个挪威人口定义为我们的研究人口（N = 5,219,296）。挪威国家注册机构提供了有关MS诊断，流感感染和疫苗接种的信息。使用自控病例系列方法来估计在定义的风险期内具有95％置信区间（95％CI）的发生率（IRR）。在研究期间确定了6755名MS患者。男性首次诊断为MS诊断的平均年龄为51.8岁，女性为49.9岁（66.9％）。流感诊断后第一周，MS患者急诊住院的IRR为3.4（95％CI 2.4-4.8）。大流行性流感后的IRR为5.6（95％CI 2.7-11.3），季节性流感后的IRR为4.8（95％CI 3.1-7.4）。大流行疫苗接种不会影响住院风险[第一周的IRR：0.7（95％CI 0.5-1.0）]。在多发性硬化症患者中，流感感染与急性住院风险增加相关，而大流行疫苗接种后未观察到风险增加。流感疫苗接种可以预防MS相关症状的恶化以及住院的风险。流感诊断后第一周，MS患者急诊住院的IRR为3.4（95％CI 2.4-4.8）。大流行性流感后的IRR为5.6（95％CI 2.7-11.3），季节性流感后的IRR为4.8（95％CI 3.1-7.4）。大流行疫苗接种不会影响住院风险[第一周的IRR：0.7（95％CI 0.5-1.0）]。在多发性硬化症患者中，流感感染与急性住院风险增加相关，而大流行疫苗接种后未观察到风险增加。流感疫苗接种可以预防MS相关症状的恶化以及住院的风险。流感诊断后第一周，MS患者急诊住院的IRR为3.4（95％CI 2.4-4.8）。大流行性流感后的IRR为5.6（95％CI 2.7-11.3），季节性流感后的IRR为4.8（95％CI 3.1-7.4）。大流行疫苗接种不会影响住院风险[第一周的IRR：0.7（95％CI 0.5-1.0）]。在多发性硬化症患者中，流感感染与急性住院风险增加相关，而大流行疫苗接种后未观察到风险增加。流感疫苗接种可以预防MS相关症状的恶化以及住院的风险。大流行疫苗接种不会影响住院风险[第一周的IRR：0.7（95％CI 0.5-1.0）]。在多发性硬化症患者中，流感感染与急性住院风险增加相关，而大流行疫苗接种后未观察到风险增加。流感疫苗接种可以预防MS相关症状的恶化以及住院的风险。大流行疫苗接种不会影响住院风险[第一周的IRR：0.7（95％CI 0.5-1.0）]。在多发性硬化症患者中，流感感染与急性住院风险增加相关，而大流行疫苗接种后未观察到风险增加。流感疫苗接种可以预防MS相关症状的恶化以及住院的风险。