Sleep is important to health and well-being and studies in healthy adults have demonstrated that sleep deprivation impacts respiratory, immune and cognitive function. Historically, due to the nature of critical illness, sleep has not been considered a priority for patient care in the intensive care unit. More recently, research has demonstrated that sleep is markedly abnormal in critically ill patients. In addition, there is often disruption of circadian rhythms. Delirium is a syndrome of acute alteration in mental status that occurs in the setting of contributing factors such as serious illness, medication, drug or alcohol intoxication or withdrawal. Delirium is a frequent occurrence in critical illness and research has demonstrated several adverse outcomes associated with delirium including persistent cognitive impairment and increased mortality. Sleep deprivation and delirium share many common symptoms. The similarity in symptoms between sleep disruption and delirium have prompted experts to draw links between the two and question both the relationship and its direction. In addition, the inclusion of sleep disturbance to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual V in its constellation of symptoms used in diagnosing delirium has increased awareness of the link between sleep and delirium. This article will review the literature on sleep in critical illness and the potential mechanisms and pathways that may connect sleep and delirium.

中文翻译：

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危重患者的睡眠和谵妄：当代回顾箱

睡眠对健康和幸福很重要，对健康成年人的研究表明，睡眠不足会影响呼吸、免疫和认知功能。从历史上看，由于危重病的性质，睡眠一直不被视为重症监护病房患者护理的优先事项。最近的研究表明，重症患者的睡眠明显异常。此外，昼夜节律经常被打乱。谵妄是一种精神状态急性改变的综合征，发生在诸如严重疾病、药物、药物或酒精中毒或戒断等因素的环境中。谵妄经常发生在危重疾病中，研究表明与谵妄相关的几种不良后果包括持续性认知障碍和死亡率增加。睡眠剥夺和谵妄有许多共同的症状。睡眠中断和谵妄之间症状的相似性促使专家们在两者之间建立联系，并质疑两者的关系及其方向。此外，将睡眠障碍纳入诊断和统计手册 V 中用于诊断谵妄的症状群，提高了人们对睡眠和谵妄之间联系的认识。本文将回顾关于危重病睡眠的文献，以及可能将睡眠与谵妄联系起来的潜在机制和途径。将睡眠障碍纳入诊断和统计手册 V 中用于诊断谵妄的症状群，提高了人们对睡眠和谵妄之间联系的认识。本文将回顾关于危重病睡眠的文献，以及可能将睡眠与谵妄联系起来的潜在机制和途径。将睡眠障碍纳入诊断和统计手册 V 中用于诊断谵妄的症状群，提高了人们对睡眠和谵妄之间联系的认识。本文将回顾关于危重病睡眠的文献，以及可能将睡眠与谵妄联系起来的潜在机制和途径。