BACKGROUND Females with anorexia nervosa (AN) have higher ghrelin and peptide YY (PYY) and lower brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) levels than controls, and differ in their perception of hunger cues. Studies have not examined appetite-regulating hormones in the context of homeostatic and hedonic appetite in AN. OBJECTIVE To examine whether alterations in appetite-regulating hormones following a standardized meal are associated with homeostatic and hedonic appetite in young females with AN vs. controls. METHODS 68 females (36 AN, 32 controls) 10-22 years old were enrolled. Ghrelin, PYY and BDNF levels were assessed before, and 30, 60 and 120 min following a 400-kilocalorie standardized breakfast. Visual Analog Scales (VAS) assessing prospective food consumption, hunger, satiety, and hedonic appetite were administered before and 20 min after breakfast. A Cookie Taste Test (CTT) was conducted after a snack as a measure of hedonic eating behavior ∼3 h after breakfast. RESULTS AN had higher fasting ghrelin and PYY, and lower fasting BDNF (p = 0.001, 0.002 and 0.044 respectively) than controls. Following breakfast (over 120 min), ghrelin and PYY area under the curve (AUC) were higher, while BDNF AUC was lower in AN vs. controls (p = 0.007, 0.017 and 0.020 respectively). Among AN (but not controls), reductions in ghrelin and increases in PYY in the first 30-minutes following breakfast were associated with reductions in VAS scores for prospective food consumption. AN consumed fewer calories during the CTT vs. controls (p < 0.0001). In AN (particularly AN-restrictive subtype), BDNF AUC was positively associated with kilocalories consumed during the CTT CONCLUSIONS: In young females with AN, changes in ghrelin and PYY following food intake are associated with reductions in a prospective measure of food consumption, while reductions in BDNF are associated with reduced hedonic food intake. Further studies are necessary to better understand the complex interplay between appetite signals and eating behaviors in AN.

中文翻译：

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摄入食物后食欲调节激素的变化与报告的食欲变化和神经性厌食症女孩和年轻女性的快感饮食测量有关

背景与对照组相比，患有神经性厌食症 (AN) 的女性具有更高的生长素释放肽和肽 YY (PYY) 以及更低的脑源性神经营养因子 (BDNF) 水平，并且她们对饥饿线索的感知不同。研究尚未在 AN 的稳态和享乐食欲的背景下检查食欲调节激素。目的检查标准化膳食后食欲调节激素的变化是否与患有 AN 的年轻女性与对照组的稳态和享乐食欲有关。方法 68 名 10-22 岁女性（36 名 AN，32 名对照组）入组。在 400 卡路里标准化早餐之前和 30、60 和 120 分钟后评估 Ghrelin、PYY 和 BDNF 水平。视觉模拟量表 (VAS) 评估预期的食物消费、饥饿、饱腹感、早餐前和早餐后 20 分钟给予快感食欲。在吃完零食后进行饼干味觉测试 (CTT)，作为早餐后~3 小时的快感饮食行为的衡量标准。结果 与对照组相比，AN 具有更高的空腹生长素释放肽和 PYY，以及更低的空腹 BDNF（分别为 p = 0.001、0.002 和 0.044）。早餐后（超过 120 分钟），生长素释放肽和 PYY 曲线下面积 (AUC) 较高，而 AN 与对照组相比，BDNF AUC 较低（分别为 p = 0.007、0.017 和 0.020）。在 AN（但不是对照组）中，早餐后前 30 分钟内生长素释放肽的减少和 PYY 的增加与预期食物消费的 VAS 评分降低有关。与对照组相比，在 CTT 期间 AN 消耗的卡路里更少（p < 0.0001）。在 AN（特别是 AN 限制性亚型）中，BDNF AUC 与 CTT 期间消耗的千卡热量呈正相关 结论：在患有 AN 的年轻女性中，食物摄入后 ghrelin 和 PYY 的变化与食物消耗的前瞻性测量减少相关，而 BDNF 的减少与享乐食物摄入减少相关. 需要进一步研究以更好地了解 AN 中食欲信号和饮食行为之间复杂的相互作用。