BACKGROUND Turner syndrome (TS) affects approximately one out of 2500 females. Previous research indicates that women with TS experience impairment in several psychosocial domains as well as in quality of life (QoL). Data, however, mainly focus on girls, whereas data on adult women is extremely scarce, inconsistent and mainly low in sample size. Separate analysis of adult women, however, is important since women face other challenges of TS than girls. METHODS We compared 301 women with TS aged 16-73 years (from 14 centres in six European countries) to healthy controls with regard to depression, anxiety, self-esteem, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, romantic relationships, social participation, amount of working hours and satisfaction with income as well as with regard to psychological, physical, environmental, social and global QoL. The influence of psychosocial well-being on the different QoL-domains was examined via multiple regression models. RESULTS Women with TS showed impairments in all psychosocial variables (anxiety, depression, ADHD, autism, self-esteem, social participation all p < 0.001) except for the amount of working hours (p = 0.062) and satisfaction with income (p = 0.369). They also showed lower social (p < 0.001), psychological (p < 0.001) and physical QoL (p < 0.001) compared to controls. Depression, satisfaction with income and self-esteem could be shown to be the best predictors for QoL. CONCLUSION In conclusion, quality of life in TS is impaired, in particular it seems to be negatively affected by depression and low self-esteem whereas satisfaction with income has a positive influence. These results implicate that medical staff needs to pay attention on possible psychosocial impairments when treating women with TS. Strengthening self-esteem and counteracting depression potentially raises their QoL.

中文翻译：

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特纳综合征女性的社会心理健康和生活质量

背景特纳综合征 (TS) 影响大约 2500 名女性中的 1 名。先前的研究表明，患有 TS 的女性在多个心理社会领域以及生活质量 (QoL) 方面都会受到损害。然而，数据主要集中在女孩身上，而成年女性的数据极其稀少、不一致，而且主要是样本量很小。然而，对成年女性的单独分析很重要，因为女性面临着与女孩不同的 TS 挑战。方法 我们将 301 名 16-73 岁 TS 女性（来自六个欧洲国家的 14 个中心）与健康对照者在抑郁、焦虑、自尊、注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD)、自闭症、恋爱关系、社交参与、工作时间和收入满意度以及心理、身体、环境、社会和全球 QoL。通过多元回归模型检查了社会心理健康对不同 QoL 域的影响。结果 除了工作时间 (p = 0.062) 和收入满意度 (p = 0.369) 之外，患有 TS 的女性在所有社会心理变量（焦虑、抑郁、多动症、自闭症、自尊、社会参与，均 p < 0.001）方面均存在障碍）。与对照组相比，他们还表现出较低的社交（p < 0.001）、心理（p < 0.001）和身体生活质量（p < 0.001）。抑郁、收入满意度和自尊可以被证明是 QoL 的最佳预测指标。结论 总之，TS 的生活质量受到损害，特别是它似乎受到抑郁和低自尊的负面影响，而对收入的满意度具有积极影响。这些结果意味着医务人员在治疗患有 TS 的女性时需要注意可能的心理社会障碍。加强自尊和对抗抑郁症可能会提高他们的 QoL。