Abstract Recently, hybrid nanogenerators (HNGs) based on the synergetic piezo/triboelectric effect have shown great promise for attaining high electrical output. In this work, microparticles (MPs) of calcium-doped barium zirconate titanate (Ca-BZT) are synthesized by a solid-state technique and subseqently dispersed into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to prepare a composite film. This composite film is employed to develop an HNG device to efficiently harvest energy from various mechanical motions by individual piezoelectric or triboelectric effects, or a combined synergetic effect. The surface roughness, charge density, and dielectric permittivity of the composite films are significantly enhanced, resulting in an increase in output performance of the HNG device. The effect of Ca doping concentration on the ferroelectric characteristics of the BZT MPs and the output performance of the HNG device are systematically investigated. The BZT MPs with 2 mol% of Ca dopant optimize the high remnant polarization and piezoelectric coefficient of the Ca-BZT/PDMS composite. Moreover, the HNG device with the corresponding composite film also exhibits a maximum electrical output performance, with open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current, and power density values of 550 V, 34 μA, and 23.6 W/m2, respectively. Additionally, the mechanical stability and durability of the HNG device are investigated. To verify the practical applicability of the HNG, the generated output power is employed to demonstrate its ability to harvest biomedical energy and to power several light-emitting diodes as well as portable electronic devices.

中文翻译：

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基于Ca掺杂锆钛酸钡嵌入复合聚合物的压电/摩擦电混合纳米发电机用于可穿戴电子设备

摘要 最近，基于协同压电/摩擦电效应的混合纳米发电机 (HNG) 在获得高电输出方面显示出巨大的前景。在这项工作中，钙掺杂锆钛酸钡 (Ca-BZT) 的微粒 (MPs) 通过固态技术合成，然后分散到聚二甲基硅氧烷 (PDMS) 中以制备复合膜。这种复合薄膜用于开发 HNG 装置，通过单独的压电或摩擦电效应或组合协同效应从各种机械运动中有效地收集能量。复合薄膜的表面粗糙度、电荷密度和介电常数显着提高，从而提高了HNG器件的输出性能。系统地研究了 Ca 掺杂浓度对 BZT MPs 铁电特性和 HNG 器件输出性能的影响。具有 2 mol% Ca 掺杂剂的 BZT MP 优化了 Ca-BZT/PDMS 复合材料的高残余极化和压电系数。此外，具有相应复合膜的 HNG 器件还表现出最大的电输出性能，开路电压、短路电流和功率密度值分别为 550 V、34 μA 和 23.6 W/m2。此外，还研究了 HNG 设备的机械稳定性和耐用性。为了验证 HNG 的实际适用性，