Systematic reviews fulfil a vital role in modern medicine.1 However, the results of systematic reviews are only as valid as the studies they include.2 Pooling flawed, or biased, results from different studies can compromise the credibility of systematic review findings. Bias is a systematic deviation from the truth in the results of a research study that can manifest due to limitations in study design, conduct, or analysis.3 The results of sport and exercise medicine research, like results in other fields, are vulnerable to bias.4 It is important that systematic review authors assess for bias in a way that enables a judgement about whether a review outcome is at risk of bias due to methodological limitations in included studies. This two-part education primer focuses on how systematic review authors can perform and interpret risk of bias assessments to avoid misleading systematic review conclusions. In this editorial, we introduce the concept of risk of bias, and the principles of assessing risk of bias. Different biases have effects that vary in direction and magnitude.3 5 It is challenging to precisely determine how bias may overestimate or underestimate a study’s true findings. In fact, bias does not always result in distorted study findings and one can never be certain that bias is present when a study has methodological limitations. However, methodological limitations in study design, conduct, or analysis can be consistently associated with inflated research findings.5 Due to this uncertainty, study outcomes are considered to be at risk of bias rather than ‘biased’. Studies with ‘some concerns’ or at ‘high’ risk of bias in design, conduct, analysis, or reporting are at greater risk of inflated findings compared with studies at ‘low’ risk of bias, negatively …

中文翻译：

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鉴定“不可思议”！第 1 部分：评估系统评价中包含的结果的偏倚风险

系统评价在现代医学中发挥着至关重要的作用。1 然而，系统评价的结果仅与它们所包含的研究一样有效。2 汇集来自不同研究的有缺陷或有偏见的结果会损害系统评价结果的可信度。偏见是研究结果与真相的系统性偏差，可能由于研究设计、实施或分析的局限性而表现出来。 3 运动和运动医学研究的结果与其他领域的结果一样，容易受到偏见的影响.4 系统评价作者以一种能够判断评价结果是否因纳入研究的方法学限制而存在偏倚风险的方式评估偏倚很重要。这本由两部分组成的教育入门重点关注系统评价作者如何执行和解释偏倚评估风险，以避免误导系统评价结论。在这篇社论中，我们介绍了偏倚风险的概念，以及评估偏倚风险的原则。不同的偏差会产生不同方向和大小的影响。3 5 准确确定偏差如何高估或低估研究的真实结果是一项挑战。事实上，偏见并不总是会导致研究结果失真，而且当一项研究存在方法学局限性时，人们永远无法确定是否存在偏见。然而，研究设计、实施或分析中的方法限制可能始终与夸大的研究结果相关联。5 由于这种不确定性，研究结果被认为存在偏倚风险，而不是“偏倚”。