The biology of the human brain, and in particular the dynamic interactions between the numerous cell types and regions of the central nervous system, has been difficult to study due to limited access to functional brain tissue. Technologies to derive brain organoids and assembloids from human pluripotent stem cells are increasingly utilized to model, in progressively complex preparations, the crosstalk between cell types in development and disease. Here, we review the use of these human cellular models to study cell-cell interactions among progenitors, neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, cancer cells, and non-central nervous system cell types, as well as efforts to study connectivity between brain regions following controlled assembly of organoids. Ultimately, the promise of these patient-derived preparations is to uncover previously inaccessible features of brain function that emerge from complex cell-cell interactions and to improve our mechanistic understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders.

中文翻译：

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用于研究人脑发育和疾病中的细胞串扰的有机和组装技术。

由于有限地接触功能性脑组织，人脑的生物学，尤其是众多细胞类型与中枢神经系统区域之间的动态相互作用，已经很难研究。从人类多能干细胞中提取脑类器官和类装配体的技术越来越多地用于逐步复杂的制备过程中，模拟发育和疾病中细胞类型之间的串扰。在这里，我们回顾了使用这些人类细胞模型来研究祖细胞，神经元，星形胶质细胞，少突胶质细胞，癌细胞和非中枢神经系统细胞类型之间的细胞间相互作用，以及研究受控后脑区域之间的连通性的努力。类器官的组装。最终，