Several exothermic reactions are carried out in semi-batch reactors (SBR). A not suitable control system can lead to dangerous situations if thermal runaway develops. Reactor runaway can be avoided with application of a non-linear model predictive control (NMPC) with implemented runaway criterion to manipulate the feed flow rate of reagent, although the prediction horizon has to be chosen correctly. For this purpose, process safety time (PST) of the system is determined. Two different operation modes are considered. In the first case the loaded reagent is preheated to avoid accumulation, while in the second mode, only the produced heat by the reactions heat up the reactor. A simple PID controller and the proposed NMPC were tested in both cases. Operation results are compared to each other based on batch times and energy consumptions next to a safe operation. Runaway criteria can be successfully implemented in NMPC for the intensification of SBRs.

在半间歇反应器（SBR）中进行了数个放热反应。如果发生热失控，不合适的控制系统可能会导致危险情况。尽管必须正确选择预测范围，但可以通过应用已实施失控标准的非线性模型预测控制（NMPC）来控制反应器失控，以控制试剂的进料流速。为此，确定系统的过程安全时间（PST）。考虑了两种不同的操作模式。在第一种情况下，将预装载的试剂进行预热以避免积聚，而在第二种模式下，仅反应产生的热量加热反应器。在这两种情况下均测试了简单的PID控制器和建议的NMPC。在安全操作之后，将基于批处理时间和能耗将操作结果相互比较。失控标准可以在NMPC中成功实施，以增强SBR。