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Shengui Sansheng Pulvis maintains blood-brain barrier integrity by vasoactive intestinal peptide after ischemic stroke.
Phytomedicine ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-23 , DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.153158
Zhen-Yan Xia 1 , Cheng Luo 2 , Bo-Wen Liu 3 , Xi-Qing Bian 1 , Yang Li 1 , Ai-Ming Pang 4 , You-Hua Xu 1 , Hong-Mei Tan 5 , Yong-Hua Zhao 6
Affiliation  

Background Shengui Sansheng Pulvis (SSP) has about 300 years history used for stroke treatment, and evidences suggest it has beneficial effects on neuro-angiogenesis and cerebral energy metabolic amelioration post-stroke. However, its protective action and mechanisms on blood-brain barrier (BBB) is still unknown. Purpose Based on multiple neuroprotective properties of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in neurological disorders, we investigate if SSP maintaining BBB integrity is associated with VIP pathway in rat permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) model. Methods Three doses of SSP extraction were administered orally. Evaluations of motor and balance abilities and detection of brain edema were performed, and BBB permeability were assessed by Evans blue (EB) staining. Primary brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation, and incubated with high dose SSP drug-containing serum and VIP-antagonist respectively. Transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay and Tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC)-dextran (4.4 kDa) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran (70 kDa) were used to evaluate the features of paracellular junction. Western blot detected the expressions of Claudin-5, ZO-1, Occludin and VE-cadherin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2/9 and VIP receptors 1/2, and immunofluorescence staining tested VIP and Claudin-5 expressions. Results Our results show that SSP significantly reduces EB infiltration in dose-dependent manner in vivo and attenuates TRITC- dextran and FITC-dextran diffusion in vitro, and strengthens endothelial junctional complexes as represented by decreasing Claudin-5, ZO-1, Occludin and VE-cadherin degradations and MMP 2/9 expression, as well as promoting TEER in BMECs after ischemia. Moreover, it suggests that SSP notably enhances VIP and its receptors 1/2 expressions. VIP-antagonist exacerbates paracellular barrier of BMECs, while the result is reversed after incubation with high dose SSP drug-containing serum. Additionally, SSP also improve brain edema and motor and balance abilities after ischemic stroke. Conclusions we firstly demonstrate that the ameliorated efficacy of SSP on BBB permeability is related to the enhancements of VIP and its receptors, suggesting SSP might be an effective therapeutic agent on maintaining BBB integrity post-stroke.

中文翻译:

缺血性中风后,Suiui Sansheng Pulvis通过血管活性肠肽维持血脑屏障的完整性。

背景技术圣桂三生肺炎(SSP)已有约300年的历史用于中风治疗,有证据表明,它对中风后神经血管生成和脑能量代谢改善具有有益作用。然而,其对血脑屏障(BBB)的保护作用和机制仍是未知的。目的基于血管活性肠肽(VIP)在神经系统疾病中的多种神经保护特性,我们研究在大鼠永久性大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAo)模型中,维持BBB完整性的SSP是否与VIP通路相关。方法口服三剂SSP提取物。进行运动和平衡能力的评估以及脑水肿的检测,并通过埃文斯蓝(EB)染色评估血脑屏障通透性。对原代脑微血管内皮细胞(BMEC)进行氧-葡萄糖剥夺,并分别与高剂量含SSP药物的血清和VIP拮抗剂孵育。使用跨内皮电阻(TEER)分析,异硫氰酸四甲基罗丹明(TRITC)-右旋糖酐(4.4 kDa)和异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)-右旋糖酐(70 kDa)评估细胞旁连接的特征。Western blot检测Claudin-5,ZO-1,Occludin和VE-钙粘蛋白,基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)2/9和VIP受体1/2的表达,免疫荧光染色检测VIP和Claudin-5的表达。结果我们的结果表明,SSP在体内以剂量依赖性方式显着降低EB浸润,并在体外减弱TRITC-右旋糖酐和FITC-右旋糖酐的扩散,并通过减少Claudin-5,ZO-1,Occludin和VE-钙黏着蛋白的降解以及MMP 2/9的表达以及在缺血后BMEC中促进TEER来增强内皮连接复合物。而且,这表明SSP显着增强了VIP及其受体1/2的表达。VIP拮抗剂加剧了BMEC的细胞旁屏障,而高剂量含SSP药物的血清孵育后结果相反。此外,SSP还可以改善缺血性中风后的脑水肿,运动能力和平衡能力。结论我们首先证明SSP对BBB通透性的改善功效与VIP及其受体的增强有关,这表明SSP可能是维持卒中后BBB完整性的有效治疗剂。缺血后,BMCC中Occludin和VE-cadherin的降解和MMP 2/9的表达以及促进TEER的表达。而且,这表明SSP显着增强了VIP及其受体1/2的表达。VIP拮抗剂加剧了BMEC的细胞旁屏障,而高剂量含SSP药物的血清孵育后结果相反。此外,SSP还可以改善缺血性中风后的脑水肿,运动能力和平衡能力。结论我们首先证明SSP改善BBB通透性的功效与VIP及其受体的增强有关,这表明SSP可能是维持卒中后BBB完整性的有效治疗剂。缺血后,BMCC中Occludin和VE-cadherin的降解和MMP 2/9的表达以及促进TEER的表达。而且,这表明SSP显着增强了VIP及其受体1/2的表达。VIP拮抗剂加剧了BMEC的细胞旁屏障,而高剂量含SSP药物的血清孵育后结果相反。此外,SSP还可以改善缺血性中风后的脑水肿,运动能力和平衡能力。结论我们首先证明SSP改善BBB通透性的功效与VIP及其受体的增强有关,这表明SSP可能是维持卒中后BBB完整性的有效治疗剂。VIP拮抗剂加剧了BMEC的细胞旁屏障,而高剂量含SSP药物的血清孵育后结果相反。此外,SSP还可以改善缺血性中风后的脑水肿,运动能力和平衡能力。结论我们首先证明SSP对BBB通透性的改善功效与VIP及其受体的增强有关,这表明SSP可能是维持卒中后BBB完整性的有效治疗剂。VIP拮抗剂加剧了BMEC的细胞旁屏障,而高剂量含SSP药物的血清孵育后结果相反。此外,SSP还可以改善缺血性中风后的脑水肿,运动能力和平衡能力。结论我们首先证明SSP改善BBB通透性的功效与VIP及其受体的增强有关,这表明SSP可能是维持卒中后BBB完整性的有效治疗剂。
更新日期:2019-12-23
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